மருத்துவம் அல்லது உடலியங்கியலுக்கான நோபல் பரிசு: திருத்தங்களுக்கு இடையிலான வேறுபாடு
உள்ளடக்கம் நீக்கப்பட்டது உள்ளடக்கம் சேர்க்கப்பட்டது
Same image, better rendering (GlobalReplace v0.3) |
மொழிபெயர்ப்பு |
||
வரிசை 11: | வரிசை 11: | ||
'''மருத்துவம் அல்லது உடலியங்கியலுக்கான நோபெல் பரிசு''' (''Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine'') என்பது வருடத்திற்கு ஒரு முறை வழங்கப்படும் [[நோபெல் பரிசு]]களுள் ஒன்றாகும். [[ஆல்ஃபிரட் நோபல்|ஆல்ஃபிரட் நோபெலால்]] நிறுவப்பட்ட இப்பரிசு சுவீடனில் உள்ள முக்கிய மருத்துவ மையமான [[கரோலின்ஸ்கா மையம்|கரோலின்ஸ்கா மையத்தால்]] வழங்கப்படுகிறது. இது மருத்துவத்துறையிலோ [[உடலியங்கியல்]] துறையிலோ குறிப்பிடத்தக்க கண்டுபிடிப்பினைச் செய்த ஒருவர் அல்லது பலருக்கு வழங்கப்படுகிறது. |
'''மருத்துவம் அல்லது உடலியங்கியலுக்கான நோபெல் பரிசு''' (''Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine'') என்பது வருடத்திற்கு ஒரு முறை வழங்கப்படும் [[நோபெல் பரிசு]]களுள் ஒன்றாகும். [[ஆல்ஃபிரட் நோபல்|ஆல்ஃபிரட் நோபெலால்]] நிறுவப்பட்ட இப்பரிசு சுவீடனில் உள்ள முக்கிய மருத்துவ மையமான [[கரோலின்ஸ்கா மையம்|கரோலின்ஸ்கா மையத்தால்]] வழங்கப்படுகிறது. இது மருத்துவத்துறையிலோ [[உடலியங்கியல்]] துறையிலோ குறிப்பிடத்தக்க கண்டுபிடிப்பினைச் செய்த ஒருவர் அல்லது பலருக்கு வழங்கப்படுகிறது. |
||
==பரிசு பெற்றவர்களின் பட்டியல்== |
== பரிசு பெற்றவர்களின் பட்டியல் == |
||
{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!ஆண்டு |
!ஆண்டு |
||
! colspan=2|பரிசு பெற்றவர்{{ref|1|[A]}} |
! colspan=2|பரிசு பெற்றவர்{{ref|1|[A]}} |
||
! நாடு{{ref|2|[B]}} |
! நாடு{{ref|2|[B]}} |
||
வரிசை 20: | வரிசை 20: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1901 |
|1901 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:EmilVonBehring.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[எமில் அடால்ஃப் வான் பெர்ரிங்]] |
|[[எமில் அடால்ஃப் வான் பெர்ரிங்]] |
||
|[[ஜெர்மனி]] |
|[[ஜெர்மனி]] |
||
|"for his work on [[குருதி நீர்மம்|serum]] therapy, especially its application against [[diphtheria]], by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths"<ref name="nobel-1901"> |
|"for his work on [[குருதி நீர்மம்|serum]] therapy, especially its application against [[diphtheria]], by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths"<ref name="nobel-1901">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1901/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1901/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1901 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1901 |
||
| accessdate = 2007-07-28 |
| accessdate = 2007-07-28 |
||
| publisher = Nobel Foundation |
| publisher = Nobel Foundation |
||
}} |
}}</ref> |
||
</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|1902 |
|1902 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Ronald Ross2.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[ரொனால்டு ராஸ்]] |
|[[ரொனால்டு ராஸ்]] |
||
|[[ஐக்கிய ராச்சியம்]] |
|[[ஐக்கிய ராச்சியம்]] |
||
|"for his work on [[மலேரியா]], by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it"<ref name="nobel-1902"> |
|"for his work on [[மலேரியா]], by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it"<ref name="nobel-1902">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1902/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1902/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1902 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1902 |
||
| accessdate = 2007-07-28 |
| accessdate = 2007-07-28 |
||
| publisher = Nobel Foundation |
| publisher = Nobel Foundation |
||
}} |
}}</ref> |
||
</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|1903 |
|1903 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Niels ryberg.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[நீல்ஸ் ரிபெர்க் ஃபின்சென்]] |
|[[நீல்ஸ் ரிபெர்க் ஃபின்சென்]] |
||
|[[டென்மார்க்]]<br>([[ஃபாரோ தீவுகள்]]) |
|[[டென்மார்க்]]<br />([[ஃபாரோ தீவுகள்]]) |
||
|"[for] his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially [[lupus vulgaris]], with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science"<ref name="nobel-1903"> |
|"[for] his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially [[lupus vulgaris]], with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science"<ref name="nobel-1903">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1903/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1903/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1903 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1903 |
||
| accessdate = 2007-07-28 |
| accessdate = 2007-07-28 |
||
| publisher = Nobel Foundation |
| publisher = Nobel Foundation |
||
}} |
}}</ref> |
||
</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|1904 |
|1904 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Ivan Pavlov (Nobel).png|75px]] |
||
|[[இவான் பாவ்லோவ்|இவான் பெத்ரோவிச் பாவ்லோவ்]] |
|[[இவான் பாவ்லோவ்|இவான் பெத்ரோவிச் பாவ்லோவ்]] |
||
|[[உருசியா]] |
|[[உருசியா]] |
||
|"in recognition of his work on the physiology of [[சமிபாடு|digestion]], through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged"<ref name="nobel-1904"> |
|"in recognition of his work on the physiology of [[சமிபாடு|digestion]], through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged"<ref name="nobel-1904">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1904/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1904/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904 |
||
| accessdate = 2007-07-28 |
| accessdate = 2007-07-28 |
||
| publisher = Nobel Foundation |
| publisher = Nobel Foundation |
||
}} |
}}</ref> |
||
</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|1905 |
|1905 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:RobertKoch cropped.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[ராபர்ட் கோக்]] |
|[[ராபர்ட் கோக்]] |
||
|[[ஜெர்மனி]] |
|[[ஜெர்மனி]] |
||
|"for his investigations and discoveries in relation to [[காச நோய்]]"<ref name="nobel-1905"> |
|"for his investigations and discoveries in relation to [[காச நோய்]]"<ref name="nobel-1905">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1905/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1905/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1905 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1905 |
||
வரிசை 84: | வரிசை 75: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan=2|1906 |
|rowspan=2|1906 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Camillo Golgi nobel.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[கேமிலோ கொல்கி]] |
|[[கேமிலோ கொல்கி]] |
||
|[[இத்தாலி]] |
|[[இத்தாலி]] |
||
|rowspan=2|"in recognition of their work on the structure of the [[நரம்புத் தொகுதி]]"<ref name="nobel-1906"> |
|rowspan=2|"in recognition of their work on the structure of the [[நரம்புத் தொகுதி]]"<ref name="nobel-1906">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1906/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1906/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906 |
||
வரிசை 95: | வரிசை 85: | ||
}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Cajal-Restored.jpg|75px]] |
||
| [[Santiago Ramón y Cajal]] |
| [[Santiago Ramón y Cajal]] |
||
|[[எசுப்பானியா]] |
|[[எசுப்பானியா]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|1907 |
|1907 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:AlphonseLaveran.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran]] |
|[[Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran]] |
||
|[[பிரான்சு]] |
|[[பிரான்சு]] |
||
|"in recognition of his work on the role played by [[மூத்தவிலங்கு]] in causing diseases"<ref name="nobel-1907"> |
|"in recognition of his work on the role played by [[மூத்தவிலங்கு]] in causing diseases"<ref name="nobel-1907">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1907/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1907/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1907 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1907 |
||
வரிசை 112: | வரிசை 101: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan=2|1908 |
|rowspan=2|1908 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Ilya Mechnikov nobel.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov]] |
|[[Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov]] |
||
|Russia |
|Russia |
||
|rowspan=2|"in recognition of their work on [[நோய் எதிர்ப்பாற்றல் முறைமை|immunity]]"<ref name="nobel-1908"> |
|rowspan=2|"in recognition of their work on [[நோய் எதிர்ப்பாற்றல் முறைமை|immunity]]"<ref name="nobel-1908">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1908/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1908/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908 |
||
வரிசை 123: | வரிசை 111: | ||
}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Paul Ehrlich 4.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Paul Ehrlich]] |
|[[Paul Ehrlich]] |
||
|Germany |
|Germany |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|1909 |
|1909 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Emil Theodor Kocher.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Emil Theodor Kocher]] |
|[[Emil Theodor Kocher]] |
||
|[[சுவிட்சர்லாந்து]] |
|[[சுவிட்சர்லாந்து]] |
||
|"for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the [[கேடயச் சுரப்பி]]"<ref name="nobel-1909"> |
|"for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the [[கேடயச் சுரப்பி]]"<ref name="nobel-1909">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1909/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1909/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1909 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1909 |
||
வரிசை 140: | வரிசை 127: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1910 |
|1910 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Kossel, Albrecht (1853-1927).jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Albrecht Kossel]] |
|[[Albrecht Kossel]] |
||
|Germany |
|Germany |
||
|"in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of [[உயிரணு உயிரியல்|cell chemistry]] made through his work on [[புரதம்]]s, including the [[கருவமிலம்|nucleic substances]]"<ref name="nobel-1910"> |
|"in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of [[உயிரணு உயிரியல்|cell chemistry]] made through his work on [[புரதம்]]s, including the [[கருவமிலம்|nucleic substances]]"<ref name="nobel-1910">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1910/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1910/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1910 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1910 |
||
வரிசை 152: | வரிசை 138: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1911 |
|1911 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Allvar Gullstrand.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[ஆல்வார் குல்ஸ்ட்ரான்ட்]] |
|[[ஆல்வார் குல்ஸ்ட்ரான்ட்]] |
||
|[[சுவீடன்]] |
|[[சுவீடன்]] |
||
|"for his work on the [[dioptrics]] of the [[ |
|"for his work on the [[dioptrics]] of the [[மனிதக் கண்|eye]]"<ref name="nobel-1911">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1911/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1911/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1911 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1911 |
||
வரிசை 164: | வரிசை 149: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1912 |
|1912 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Alexis Carrel 02.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[அலெக்சிஸ் காரெல்]] |
|[[அலெக்சிஸ் காரெல்]] |
||
|பிரான்சு |
|பிரான்சு |
||
| "[for] his work on vascular [[surgical suture|suture]] and the [[ |
| "[for] his work on vascular [[surgical suture|suture]] and the [[உறுப்பு மாற்று|transplantation]] of [[குருதிக்குழல்]]s and [[உள்ளுறுப்பு|organs]]"<ref name="nobel-1912">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1912/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1912/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1912 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1912 |
||
வரிசை 176: | வரிசை 160: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1913 |
|1913 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Charles Robert Richet 5.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Charles Richet]] |
|[[Charles Richet]] |
||
|France |
|France |
||
|"[for] his work on [[anaphylaxis]]"<ref name="nobel-1913"> |
|"[for] his work on [[anaphylaxis]]"<ref name="nobel-1913">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1913/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1913/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1913 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1913 |
||
வரிசை 188: | வரிசை 171: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1914 |
|1914 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Robert Barany.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Robert Bárány]] |
|[[Robert Bárány]] |
||
|[[ஆசுதிரியா]] |
|[[ஆசுதிரியா]] |
||
|"for his work on the physiology and pathology of the [[vestibular apparatus]]"<ref name="nobel-1914"> |
|"for his work on the physiology and pathology of the [[vestibular apparatus]]"<ref name="nobel-1914">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1914/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1914/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1914 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1914 |
||
வரிசை 209: | வரிசை 191: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1919 |
|1919 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Jules Bordet pi.png|75px]] |
||
|[[Jules Bordet]] |
|[[Jules Bordet]] |
||
|[[பெல்ஜியம்]] |
|[[பெல்ஜியம்]] |
||
|"for his discoveries relating to [[நோய் எதிர்ப்பாற்றல் முறைமை|immunity]]"<ref name="nobel-1919"> |
|"for his discoveries relating to [[நோய் எதிர்ப்பாற்றல் முறைமை|immunity]]"<ref name="nobel-1919">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1919/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1919/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1919 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1919 |
||
வரிசை 221: | வரிசை 202: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1920 |
|1920 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:August Krogh Bain 32006.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[August Krogh|Schack August Steenberg Krogh]] |
|[[August Krogh|Schack August Steenberg Krogh]] |
||
|[[டென்மார்க்]] |
|[[டென்மார்க்]] |
||
|"for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism"<ref name="nobel-1920"> |
|"for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism"<ref name="nobel-1920">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1920/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1920/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1920 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1920 |
||
வரிசை 236: | வரிசை 216: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan=2|1922 |
|rowspan=2|1922 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Archibald Vivian Hill.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Archibald Hill|Archibald Vivian Hill]] |
|[[Archibald Hill|Archibald Vivian Hill]] |
||
|United Kingdom |
|United Kingdom |
||
|"for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the [[தசை]]"<ref name |
|"for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the [[தசை]]"<ref name="nobel-1922" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| |
||
|[[ஓட்டோ பிரிட்சு மேயெர்ஹோப்]] |
|[[ஓட்டோ பிரிட்சு மேயெர்ஹோப்]] |
||
|Germany |
|Germany |
||
|"for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of [[ஆக்சிசன்]] and the [[வளர்சிதைமாற்றம்]] of [[லாக்டிக் அமிலம்]] in the muscle"<ref name="nobel-1922"> |
|"for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of [[ஆக்சிசன்]] and the [[வளர்சிதைமாற்றம்]] of [[லாக்டிக் அமிலம்]] in the muscle"<ref name="nobel-1922">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1922/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1922/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922 |
||
வரிசை 253: | வரிசை 232: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan=2|1923 |
|rowspan=2|1923 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Fredrick banting.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Frederick Banting|Frederick Grant Banting]] |
|[[Frederick Banting|Frederick Grant Banting]] |
||
|[[கனடா]] |
|[[கனடா]] |
||
|rowspan=2|"for the discovery of [[இன்சுலின்]]"<ref name="nobel-1923"> |
|rowspan=2|"for the discovery of [[இன்சுலின்]]"<ref name="nobel-1923">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1923/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1923/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1923 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1923 |
||
வரிசை 264: | வரிசை 242: | ||
}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:J.J.R. Macleod ca. 1928.png|75px]] |
||
|[[John James Rickard Macleod]] |
|[[John James Rickard Macleod]] |
||
|Canada |
|Canada |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|1924 |
|1924 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Willem Einthoven.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Willem Einthoven]] |
|[[Willem Einthoven]] |
||
|{{nowrap|[[நெதர்லாந்து|The Netherlands]]}} |
|{{nowrap|[[நெதர்லாந்து|The Netherlands]]}} |
||
|"for the discovery of the mechanism of the [[இதய துடிப்பலைஅளவி]]"<ref name="nobel-1924"> |
|"for the discovery of the mechanism of the [[இதய துடிப்பலைஅளவி]]"<ref name="nobel-1924">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1924/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1924/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1924 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1924 |
||
வரிசை 284: | வரிசை 261: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1926 |
|1926 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:J Fibiger.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger]] |
|[[Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger]] |
||
|[[டென்மார்க்]] |
|[[டென்மார்க்]] |
||
|"for his discovery of the [[Spiroptera carcinoma]]"<ref name="nobel-1926"> |
|"for his discovery of the [[Spiroptera carcinoma]]"<ref name="nobel-1926">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1926/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1926/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1926 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1926 |
||
வரிசை 296: | வரிசை 272: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1927 |
|1927 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Julius Wagner-Jauregg.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Julius Wagner-Jauregg]] |
|[[Julius Wagner-Jauregg]] |
||
|Austria |
|Austria |
||
|"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of [[மலேரியா]] [[inoculation]] in the treatment of [[General paresis of the insane|dementia paralytica]]"<ref name="nobel-1927"> |
|"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of [[மலேரியா]] [[inoculation]] in the treatment of [[General paresis of the insane|dementia paralytica]]"<ref name="nobel-1927">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1927/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1927/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927 |
||
வரிசை 308: | வரிசை 283: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1928 |
|1928 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Jules Nicole.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Charles Nicolle|Charles Jules Henri Nicolle]] |
|[[Charles Nicolle|Charles Jules Henri Nicolle]] |
||
|France |
|France |
||
|"[[டைஃபஸ்|டைஃபசு]] குறித்த ஆய்விற்கு"<ref name="nobel-1928"> |
|"[[டைஃபஸ்|டைஃபசு]] குறித்த ஆய்விற்கு"<ref name="nobel-1928">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1928/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1928/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1928 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1928 |
||
வரிசை 320: | வரிசை 294: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan=2|1929 |
|rowspan=2|1929 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Christiaan Eijkman.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Christiaan Eijkman]] |
|[[Christiaan Eijkman]] |
||
|The Netherlands |
|The Netherlands |
||
|"for his discovery of the antineuritic [[உயிர்ச்சத்து]]"<ref name |
|"for his discovery of the antineuritic [[உயிர்ச்சத்து]]"<ref name="nobel-1929" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| |
||
|[[ஃபிரடரிக் கௌலாண்ட் ஹாப்கின்ஸ்]] |
|[[ஃபிரடரிக் கௌலாண்ட் ஹாப்கின்ஸ்]] |
||
|இங்கிலாந்து |
|இங்கிலாந்து |
||
|"for his discovery of the growth-stimulating [[உயிர்ச்சத்து]]s"<ref name="nobel-1929"> |
|"for his discovery of the growth-stimulating [[உயிர்ச்சத்து]]s"<ref name="nobel-1929">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1929/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1929/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1929 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1929 |
||
வரிசை 340: | வரிசை 313: | ||
|[[கார்ல் லாண்ட்ஸ்டெய்னெர்]] |
|[[கார்ல் லாண்ட்ஸ்டெய்னெர்]] |
||
|[[ஆஸ்திரியா]] |
|[[ஆஸ்திரியா]] |
||
|"for his discovery of human [[ஏபிஓ குருதி குழு முறைமை|blood groups]]"<ref name="nobel-1930"> |
|"for his discovery of human [[ஏபிஓ குருதி குழு முறைமை|blood groups]]"<ref name="nobel-1930">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1930/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1930/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1930 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1930 |
||
வரிசை 349: | வரிசை 321: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1931 |
|1931 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Otto Heinrich Warburg (cropped).jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Otto Heinrich Warburg]] |
|[[Otto Heinrich Warburg]] |
||
|Germany |
|Germany |
||
|"for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the [[cytochrome|respiratory enzyme]]"<ref name="nobel-1931"> |
|"for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the [[cytochrome|respiratory enzyme]]"<ref name="nobel-1931">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1931/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1931/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1931 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1931 |
||
வரிசை 361: | வரிசை 332: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan=2|1932 |
|rowspan=2|1932 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Charles Scott Sherrington1.jpg|75px]] |
||
|Sir [[Charles Scott Sherrington]] |
|Sir [[Charles Scott Sherrington]] |
||
|United Kingdom |
|United Kingdom |
||
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries regarding the functions of [[நரம்பணு]]s"<ref name="nobel-1932"> |
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries regarding the functions of [[நரம்பணு]]s"<ref name="nobel-1932">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1932/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1932/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1932 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1932 |
||
வரிசை 377: | வரிசை 347: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1933 |
|1933 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Thomas Hunt Morgan.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Thomas Hunt Morgan]] |
|[[Thomas Hunt Morgan]] |
||
|[[அமெரிக்க ஐக்கிய நாடு]] |
|[[அமெரிக்க ஐக்கிய நாடு]] |
||
|"for his discoveries concerning the role played by the [[நிறப்புரி]] in [[பாரம்பரியம்]]"<ref name="nobel-1933"> |
|"for his discoveries concerning the role played by the [[நிறப்புரி]] in [[பாரம்பரியம்]]"<ref name="nobel-1933">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1933/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1933/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1933 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1933 |
||
வரிசை 392: | வரிசை 361: | ||
|[[George Whipple|George Hoyt Whipple]] |
|[[George Whipple|George Hoyt Whipple]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning [[கல்லீரல்]] therapy in cases of [[குருதிச்சோகை]]"<ref name="nobel-1934"> |
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning [[கல்லீரல்]] therapy in cases of [[குருதிச்சோகை]]"<ref name="nobel-1934">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1934/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1934/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934 |
||
வரிசை 400: | வரிசை 368: | ||
}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[ஜார்ஜ் மினாட்|George Richards Minot]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|- |
|- |
||
வரிசை 410: | வரிசை 378: | ||
|[[Hans Spemann]] |
|[[Hans Spemann]] |
||
|Germany |
|Germany |
||
|"for his discovery of the organizer effect in [[முளைய விருத்தி]]"<ref name="nobel-1935"> |
|"for his discovery of the organizer effect in [[முளைய விருத்தி]]"<ref name="nobel-1935">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1935/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1935/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1935 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1935 |
||
வரிசை 422: | வரிசை 389: | ||
|Sir [[Henry Hallett Dale]] |
|Sir [[Henry Hallett Dale]] |
||
|United Kingdom |
|United Kingdom |
||
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries relating to [[neurotransmitter|chemical transmission of nerve impulses]]"<ref name="nobel-1936"> |
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries relating to [[neurotransmitter|chemical transmission of nerve impulses]]"<ref name="nobel-1936">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1936/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1936/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936 |
||
வரிசை 435: | வரிசை 401: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1937 |
|1937 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:GyorgyiNIH.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[ஆல்பர்ட் செண்ட்-ஜியார்ஜி]] |
|[[ஆல்பர்ட் செண்ட்-ஜியார்ஜி]] |
||
|[[ஹங்கேரி]] |
|[[ஹங்கேரி]] |
||
|"for his discoveries in connection with the [[உயிரணு ஆற்றல் பரிமாற்றம்|biological combustion processes]], with special reference to [[உயிர்ச்சத்து சி]] and the catalysis of [[ஃபியூமரிக் அமிலம்]]"<ref name="nobel-1937"> |
|"for his discoveries in connection with the [[உயிரணு ஆற்றல் பரிமாற்றம்|biological combustion processes]], with special reference to [[உயிர்ச்சத்து சி]] and the catalysis of [[ஃபியூமரிக் அமிலம்]]"<ref name="nobel-1937">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1937/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1937/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1937 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1937 |
||
வரிசை 450: | வரிசை 415: | ||
|[[Corneille Heymans|Corneille Jean François Heymans]] |
|[[Corneille Heymans|Corneille Jean François Heymans]] |
||
|Belgium |
|Belgium |
||
|"for the discovery of the role played by the [[Paranasal sinuses|sinus]] and [[பெருந்தமனி|aortic mechanisms]] in the regulation of [[மூச்சியக்கம்|respiration]]"<ref name="nobel-1938"> |
|"for the discovery of the role played by the [[Paranasal sinuses|sinus]] and [[பெருந்தமனி|aortic mechanisms]] in the regulation of [[மூச்சியக்கம்|respiration]]"<ref name="nobel-1938">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1938/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1938/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1938 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1938 |
||
வரிசை 462: | வரிசை 426: | ||
|[[Gerhard Domagk]] |
|[[Gerhard Domagk]] |
||
|Germany |
|Germany |
||
|"for the discovery of the [[நுண்ணுயிர் எதிர்ப்பி]] effects of [[prontosil]]"<ref name="nobel-1939"> |
|"for the discovery of the [[நுண்ணுயிர் எதிர்ப்பி]] effects of [[prontosil]]"<ref name="nobel-1939">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1939/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1939/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1939 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1939 |
||
வரிசை 481: | வரிசை 444: | ||
|[[Henrik Dam|Carl Peter Henrik Dam]] |
|[[Henrik Dam|Carl Peter Henrik Dam]] |
||
|Denmark |
|Denmark |
||
|"for his discovery of [[உயிர்ச்சத்து கே]]"<ref name |
|"for his discovery of [[உயிர்ச்சத்து கே]]"<ref name="nobel-1943" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| |
||
|[[Edward Adelbert Doisy]] |
|[[Edward Adelbert Doisy]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|"for his discovery of the chemical nature of [[உயிர்ச்சத்து கே]]"<ref name="nobel-1943"> |
|"for his discovery of the chemical nature of [[உயிர்ச்சத்து கே]]"<ref name="nobel-1943">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1943/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1943/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1943 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1943 |
||
வரிசை 498: | வரிசை 460: | ||
|[[Joseph Erlanger]] |
|[[Joseph Erlanger]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single [[nerve fibre]]s"<ref name="nobel-1944"> |
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single [[nerve fibre]]s"<ref name="nobel-1944">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1944/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1944/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944 |
||
வரிசை 510: | வரிசை 471: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan=3|1945 |
|rowspan=3|1945 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Alexander-fleming.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[அலெக்சாண்டர் பிளெமிங்]] |
|[[அலெக்சாண்டர் பிளெமிங்]] |
||
|இங்கிலாந்து |
|இங்கிலாந்து |
||
|rowspan=3|"for the discovery of [[பெனிசிலின்]] and its curative effect in various [[நோய்த்தொற்று]]s"<ref name="nobel-1945"> |
|rowspan=3|"for the discovery of [[பெனிசிலின்]] and its curative effect in various [[நோய்த்தொற்று]]s"<ref name="nobel-1945">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1945/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1945/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945 |
||
வரிசை 525: | வரிசை 485: | ||
|United Kingdom |
|United Kingdom |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Howard Walter Florey 1945.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Howard Florey|Howard Walter Florey]] |
|[[Howard Florey|Howard Walter Florey]] |
||
|[[ஆஸ்திரேலியா]] |
|[[ஆஸ்திரேலியா]] |
||
வரிசை 533: | வரிசை 493: | ||
|[[Hermann Joseph Muller]] |
|[[Hermann Joseph Muller]] |
||
|[[அமெரிக்க ஐக்கிய நாடு]] |
|[[அமெரிக்க ஐக்கிய நாடு]] |
||
|"for the discovery of the production of [[மரபணு திடீர்மாற்றம்]]s by means of [[எக்சு-கதிர்]] [[irradiation]]"<ref name="nobel-1946"> |
|"for the discovery of the production of [[மரபணு திடீர்மாற்றம்]]s by means of [[எக்சு-கதிர்]] [[irradiation]]"<ref name="nobel-1946">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1946/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1946/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1946 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1946 |
||
வரிசை 542: | வரிசை 501: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan=3|1947 |
|rowspan=3|1947 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Carl Ferdinand Cori.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Carl Ferdinand Cori]] |
|[[Carl Ferdinand Cori]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|rowspan=2|"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of [[கிளைக்கோசன்]]"<ref name |
|rowspan=2|"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of [[கிளைக்கோசன்]]"<ref name="nobel-1947" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Gerty Theresa Cori.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Gerty Theresa Cori |
|[[Gerty Theresa Cori]], née Radnitz |
||
| United States |
| United States |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Bernado Houssay.JPG|75px]] |
||
|[[Bernardo Houssay|Bernardo Alberto Houssay]] |
|[[Bernardo Houssay|Bernardo Alberto Houssay]] |
||
|[[அர்கெந்தீனா]] |
|[[அர்கெந்தீனா]] |
||
|"for his discovery of the part played by the [[இயக்குநீர்]] of the [[anterior pituitary]] lobe in the metabolism of [[குளுக்கோசு|sugar]]"<ref name="nobel-1947"> |
|"for his discovery of the part played by the [[இயக்குநீர்]] of the [[anterior pituitary]] lobe in the metabolism of [[குளுக்கோசு|sugar]]"<ref name="nobel-1947">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1947/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1947/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947 |
||
வரிசை 566: | வரிசை 524: | ||
|[[Paul Hermann Müller]] |
|[[Paul Hermann Müller]] |
||
|Switzerland |
|Switzerland |
||
|"for his discovery of the high efficiency of [[டி.டி.டீ]] as a contact [[பூச்சிக்கொல்லி|poison against several arthropods]]"<ref name="nobel-1948"> |
|"for his discovery of the high efficiency of [[டி.டி.டீ]] as a contact [[பூச்சிக்கொல்லி|poison against several arthropods]]"<ref name="nobel-1948">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1948/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1948/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1948 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1948 |
||
வரிசை 578: | வரிசை 535: | ||
|[[Walter Rudolf Hess]] |
|[[Walter Rudolf Hess]] |
||
|Switzerland |
|Switzerland |
||
|"for his discovery of the functional organization of the [[midbrain|interbrain]] as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs"<ref name |
|"for his discovery of the functional organization of the [[midbrain|interbrain]] as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs"<ref name="nobel-1949" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Moniz.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[António Egas Moniz|António Caetano Egas Moniz]] |
|[[António Egas Moniz|António Caetano Egas Moniz]] |
||
|[[போர்த்துகல்]] |
|[[போர்த்துகல்]] |
||
|"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy ([[lobotomy]]) in certain psychoses"<ref name="nobel-1949"> |
|"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy ([[lobotomy]]) in certain psychoses"<ref name="nobel-1949">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1949/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1949/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949 |
||
வரிசை 595: | வரிசை 551: | ||
|[[Philip Showalter Hench]] |
|[[Philip Showalter Hench]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries relating to the [[இயக்குநீர்]]s of the [[adrenal cortex]], their structure and biological effects"<ref name="nobel-1950"> |
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries relating to the [[இயக்குநீர்]]s of the [[adrenal cortex]], their structure and biological effects"<ref name="nobel-1950">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1950/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1950/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950 |
||
வரிசை 615: | வரிசை 570: | ||
|[[Max Theiler]] |
|[[Max Theiler]] |
||
|[[தென்னாப்பிரிக்கா|Union of South Africa]] |
|[[தென்னாப்பிரிக்கா|Union of South Africa]] |
||
|"for his discoveries concerning [[மஞ்சள் காய்ச்சல்]] and how to combat it"<ref name="nobel-1951"> |
|"for his discoveries concerning [[மஞ்சள் காய்ச்சல்]] and how to combat it"<ref name="nobel-1951">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1951/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1951/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1951 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1951 |
||
வரிசை 624: | வரிசை 578: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1952 |
|1952 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Selman Waksman NYWTS.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Selman Waksman|Selman Abraham Waksman]] |
|[[Selman Waksman|Selman Abraham Waksman]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|"for his discovery of [[streptomycin]], the first [[நுண்ணுயிர் எதிர்ப்பி]] effective against [[காச நோய்]]"<ref name="nobel-1952"> |
|"for his discovery of [[streptomycin]], the first [[நுண்ணுயிர் எதிர்ப்பி]] effective against [[காச நோய்]]"<ref name="nobel-1952">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1952/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1952/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1952 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1952 |
||
வரிசை 639: | வரிசை 592: | ||
|Sir [[Hans Adolf Krebs]] |
|Sir [[Hans Adolf Krebs]] |
||
|United Kingdom |
|United Kingdom |
||
|"for his discovery of the [[சிட்ரிக் அமில சுழற்சி]]"<ref name |
|"for his discovery of the [[சிட்ரிக் அமில சுழற்சி]]"<ref name="nobel-1953" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Portrait of Fritz Albert Lipmann (1899-1986), Biochemist (2551001689).jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Fritz Albert Lipmann]] |
|[[Fritz Albert Lipmann]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|"for his discovery of [[coenzyme A|co-enzyme A]] and its importance for intermediary metabolism"<ref name="nobel-1953"> |
|"for his discovery of [[coenzyme A|co-enzyme A]] and its importance for intermediary metabolism"<ref name="nobel-1953">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1953/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1953/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953 |
||
வரிசை 656: | வரிசை 608: | ||
|[[John Franklin Enders]] |
|[[John Franklin Enders]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|rowspan=3|"for their discovery of the ability of [[இளம்பிள்ளை வாதம்]] [[தீ நுண்மம்]]es to grow in cultures of various types of tissue"<ref name="nobel-1954"> |
|rowspan=3|"for their discovery of the ability of [[இளம்பிள்ளை வாதம்]] [[தீ நுண்மம்]]es to grow in cultures of various types of tissue"<ref name="nobel-1954">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1954/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1954/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954 |
||
வரிசை 674: | வரிசை 625: | ||
|[[Hugo Theorell|Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell]] |
|[[Hugo Theorell|Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell]] |
||
|Sweden |
|Sweden |
||
|"for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes"<ref name="nobel-1955"> |
|"for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes"<ref name="nobel-1955">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1955/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1955/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1955 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1955 |
||
வரிசை 686: | வரிசை 636: | ||
|[[André Frédéric Cournand]] |
|[[André Frédéric Cournand]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning [[heart catheterization]] and pathological changes in the [[சுற்றோட்டத் தொகுதி]]"<ref name="nobel-1956"> |
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning [[heart catheterization]] and pathological changes in the [[சுற்றோட்டத் தொகுதி]]"<ref name="nobel-1956">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1956/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1956/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956 |
||
வரிசை 706: | வரிசை 655: | ||
|[[Daniel Bovet]] |
|[[Daniel Bovet]] |
||
|[[இத்தாலி]] |
|[[இத்தாலி]] |
||
|"for his discoveries relating to [[antihistamine|synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances]], and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles"<ref name="nobel-1957"> |
|"for his discoveries relating to [[antihistamine|synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances]], and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles"<ref name="nobel-1957">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1957/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1957/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1957 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1957 |
||
வரிசை 718: | வரிசை 666: | ||
|[[George Wells Beadle]] |
|[[George Wells Beadle]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|rowspan=2| "for their discovery that [[மரபணு]]s act by regulating definite chemical events"<ref name |
|rowspan=2| "for their discovery that [[மரபணு]]s act by regulating definite chemical events"<ref name="nobel-1958" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| |
||
வரிசை 724: | வரிசை 672: | ||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Joshua Lederberg.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Joshua Lederberg]] |
|[[Joshua Lederberg]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|"for his discoveries concerning [[genetic recombination]] and the organization of the [[மரபணு|genetic material]] of [[பாக்டீரியா]]"<ref name="nobel-1958"> |
|"for his discoveries concerning [[genetic recombination]] and the organization of the [[மரபணு|genetic material]] of [[பாக்டீரியா]]"<ref name="nobel-1958">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1958/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1958/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958 |
||
வரிசை 736: | வரிசை 683: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan=2|1959 |
|rowspan=2|1959 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Arthur Kornberg.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Arthur Kornberg]] |
|[[Arthur Kornberg]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|rowspan=2|"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of [[ரைபோ கருவமிலம்]] and [[டி. என். ஏ.]]"<ref name="nobel-1959"> |
|rowspan=2|"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of [[ரைபோ கருவமிலம்]] and [[டி. என். ஏ.]]"<ref name="nobel-1959">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1959/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1959/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 |
||
வரிசை 749: | வரிசை 695: | ||
| |
| |
||
|[[Severo Ochoa]] |
|[[Severo Ochoa]] |
||
|Spain<br>United States |
|Spain<br />United States |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan=2|1960 |
|rowspan=2|1960 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Burnet 2jpg.jpg|75px]] |
||
|Sir [[Frank Macfarlane Burnet]] |
|Sir [[Frank Macfarlane Burnet]] |
||
|Australia |
|Australia |
||
|rowspan=2|"for discovery of acquired [[immune tolerance|immunological tolerance]]"<ref name="nobel-1960"> |
|rowspan=2|"for discovery of acquired [[immune tolerance|immunological tolerance]]"<ref name="nobel-1960">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1960/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1960/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960 |
||
வரிசை 771: | வரிசை 716: | ||
|[[Georg von Békésy]] |
|[[Georg von Békésy]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|"for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the [[cochlea]]"<ref name="nobel-1961"> |
|"for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the [[cochlea]]"<ref name="nobel-1961">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1961/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1961/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1961 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1961 |
||
வரிசை 780: | வரிசை 724: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan=3|1962 |
|rowspan=3|1962 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Francis Crick.png|75px]] |
||
| [[பிரான்சிஸ் கிரிக்]] |
| [[பிரான்சிஸ் கிரிக்]] |
||
|இங்கிலாந்து |
|இங்கிலாந்து |
||
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of [[கருவமிலம்]]s and its significance for information transfer in living material"<ref name="nobel-1962"> |
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of [[கருவமிலம்]]s and its significance for information transfer in living material"<ref name="nobel-1962">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 |
||
வரிசை 791: | வரிசை 734: | ||
}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:JamesWatson.png|75px]] |
||
|[[ஜேம்ஸ் டூயி வாட்சன்|James Dewey Watson]] |
|[[ஜேம்ஸ் டூயி வாட்சன்|James Dewey Watson]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
வரிசை 797: | வரிசை 740: | ||
| |
| |
||
|[[Maurice Wilkins|Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins]] |
|[[Maurice Wilkins|Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins]] |
||
|[[நியூசிலாந்து]]<br>United Kingdom |
|[[நியூசிலாந்து]]<br />United Kingdom |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan=3|1963 |
|rowspan=3|1963 |
||
வரிசை 803: | வரிசை 746: | ||
|Sir [[John Carew Eccles]] |
|Sir [[John Carew Eccles]] |
||
|Australia |
|Australia |
||
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the [[நரம்பு]] [[உயிரணு மென்சவ்வு]]"<ref name="nobel-1963"> |
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the [[நரம்பு]] [[உயிரணு மென்சவ்வு]]"<ref name="nobel-1963">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1963/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1963/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963 |
||
வரிசை 815: | வரிசை 757: | ||
|United Kingdom |
|United Kingdom |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Andrew huxley trinity.png|75px]] |
||
|Sir [[Andrew Huxley|Andrew Fielding Huxley]] |
|Sir [[Andrew Huxley|Andrew Fielding Huxley]] |
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|United Kingdom |
|United Kingdom |
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வரிசை 823: | வரிசை 765: | ||
|[[Konrad Emil Bloch|Konrad Bloch]] |
|[[Konrad Emil Bloch|Konrad Bloch]] |
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|United States |
|United States |
||
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the [[கொலஸ்டிரால்]] and [[கொழுப்பு அமிலம்]] [[வளர்சிதைமாற்றம்]]"<ref name="nobel-1964"> |
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the [[கொலஸ்டிரால்]] and [[கொழுப்பு அமிலம்]] [[வளர்சிதைமாற்றம்]]"<ref name="nobel-1964">{{cite web |
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{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1964/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1964/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1964 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1964 |
||
வரிசை 838: | வரிசை 779: | ||
|[[François Jacob]] |
|[[François Jacob]] |
||
|France |
|France |
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|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning [[ஆர்.என்.ஏ. படியெடுப்பு|genetic control of enzyme]] and [[provirus|virus synthesis]]"<ref name="nobel-1965"> |
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning [[ஆர்.என்.ஏ. படியெடுப்பு|genetic control of enzyme]] and [[provirus|virus synthesis]]"<ref name="nobel-1965">{{cite web |
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{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1965/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1965/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965 |
||
வரிசை 856: | வரிசை 796: | ||
|[[Francis Peyton Rous|Peyton Rous]] |
|[[Francis Peyton Rous|Peyton Rous]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|"for his discovery of [[கட்டி (உயிரியல்)]]-inducing [[தீ நுண்மம்]]es"<ref name |
|"for his discovery of [[கட்டி (உயிரியல்)]]-inducing [[தீ நுண்மம்]]es"<ref name="nobel-1966" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[Charles Brenton Huggins]] |
|[[Charles Brenton Huggins]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|"for his discoveries concerning [[Hormonal therapy (oncology)|hormonal treatment]] of [[முன்னிற்குஞ்சுரப்பி புற்றுநோய்]]"<ref name="nobel-1966"> |
|"for his discoveries concerning [[Hormonal therapy (oncology)|hormonal treatment]] of [[முன்னிற்குஞ்சுரப்பி புற்றுநோய்]]"<ref name="nobel-1966">{{cite web |
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{{cite web |
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| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1966/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1966/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966 |
||
வரிசை 872: | வரிசை 811: | ||
|[[Ragnar Granit]] |
|[[Ragnar Granit]] |
||
|Finland/Sweden |
|Finland/Sweden |
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|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the [[ |
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the [[மனிதக் கண்|eye]]"<ref name="nobel-1967">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1967/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1967/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967 |
||
வரிசை 890: | வரிசை 828: | ||
|[[Robert W. Holley]] |
|[[Robert W. Holley]] |
||
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
|rowspan=3|"for their interpretation of the [[மரபுக்குறியீடு]] and its function in [[Protein biosynthesis|protein synthesis]]"<ref name="nobel-1968"> |
|rowspan=3|"for their interpretation of the [[மரபுக்குறியீடு]] and its function in [[Protein biosynthesis|protein synthesis]]"<ref name="nobel-1968">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1968/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1968/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968 |
||
வரிசை 902: | வரிசை 839: | ||
|இந்தியா |
|இந்தியா |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:MNirenberg.jpg|75px]] |
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|[[Marshall Warren Nirenberg|Marshall W. Nirenberg]] |
|[[Marshall Warren Nirenberg|Marshall W. Nirenberg]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan=3|1969 |
|rowspan=3|1969 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Max Delbruck.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Max Delbrück]] |
|[[Max Delbrück]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of [[தீ நுண்மம்]]es"<ref name="nobel-1969"> |
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of [[தீ நுண்மம்]]es"<ref name="nobel-1969">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1969/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1969/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969 |
||
வரிசை 927: | வரிசை 863: | ||
|- |
|- |
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|rowspan=3|1970 |
|rowspan=3|1970 |
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|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Axelrod01.jpg|75px]] |
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|[[Julius Axelrod]] |
|[[Julius Axelrod]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning the humoral [[neurotransmitter|transmittors in the nerve terminals]] and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation"<ref name="nobel-1970"> |
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning the humoral [[neurotransmitter|transmittors in the nerve terminals]] and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation"<ref name="nobel-1970">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1970/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1970/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970 |
||
வரிசை 950: | வரிசை 885: | ||
|[[Earl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr.|Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.]] |
|[[Earl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr.|Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|"for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of [[இயக்குநீர்]]s"<ref name="nobel-1971"> |
|"for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of [[இயக்குநீர்]]s"<ref name="nobel-1971">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1971/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1971/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1971 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1971 |
||
வரிசை 962: | வரிசை 896: | ||
|[[Gerald Edelman|Gerald M. Edelman]] |
|[[Gerald Edelman|Gerald M. Edelman]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of [[பிறபொருளெதிரி]]"<ref name="nobel-1972"> |
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of [[பிறபொருளெதிரி]]"<ref name="nobel-1972">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1972/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1972/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1972 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1972 |
||
வரிசை 977: | வரிசை 910: | ||
|[[Karl von Frisch]] |
|[[Karl von Frisch]] |
||
|Federal Republic of Germany |
|Federal Republic of Germany |
||
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns"<ref name="nobel-1973"> |
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns"<ref name="nobel-1973">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1973/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1973/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973 |
||
வரிசை 985: | வரிசை 917: | ||
}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan=2|[[ |
|rowspan=2|[[படிமம்:Lorenz and Tinbergen1.jpg|75px|Nikolaas Tinbergen (left), Konrad Lorenz (right)]] |
||
|[[Konrad Lorenz]] |
|[[Konrad Lorenz]] |
||
|Austria |
|Austria |
||
வரிசை 996: | வரிசை 928: | ||
|[[Albert Claude]] |
|[[Albert Claude]] |
||
|[[பெல்ஜியம்]] |
|[[பெல்ஜியம்]] |
||
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning the [[நுண்ணுறுப்பு|structural and functional organization of the cell]]"<ref name="nobel-1974"> |
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning the [[நுண்ணுறுப்பு|structural and functional organization of the cell]]"<ref name="nobel-1974">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1974/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1974/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974 |
||
வரிசை 1,011: | வரிசை 942: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan=3|1975 |
|rowspan=3|1975 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:DavidBaltimore2008.JPG|75px]] |
||
|[[David Baltimore]] |
|[[David Baltimore]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between [[தீ நுண்மம்|tumour |
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between [[தீ நுண்மம்|tumour viruses]] and the genetic material of the cell"<ref name="nobel-1975">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1975/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1975/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975 |
||
வரிசை 1,024: | வரிசை 954: | ||
| |
| |
||
|[[Renato Dulbecco]] |
|[[Renato Dulbecco]] |
||
|Italy<br>United States |
|Italy<br />United States |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| |
||
வரிசை 1,034: | வரிசை 964: | ||
|[[Baruch Samuel Blumberg|Baruch S. Blumberg]] |
|[[Baruch Samuel Blumberg|Baruch S. Blumberg]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of [[நோய்த்தொற்று]]s"<ref name="nobel-1976"> |
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of [[நோய்த்தொற்று]]s"<ref name="nobel-1976">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1976/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1976/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1976 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1976 |
||
வரிசை 1,050: | வரிசை 979: | ||
|[[Roger Guillemin]] |
|[[Roger Guillemin]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning the [[peptide hormone]] production of the [[மனித மூளை]]"<ref name |
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning the [[peptide hormone]] production of the [[மனித மூளை]]"<ref name="nobel-1977" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Schally portrait.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Andrew Schally|Andrew V. Schally]] |
|[[Andrew Schally|Andrew V. Schally]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
வரிசை 1,059: | வரிசை 988: | ||
|[[Rosalyn Sussman Yalow|Rosalyn Yalow]] |
|[[Rosalyn Sussman Yalow|Rosalyn Yalow]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|"for the development of [[radioimmunoassay]]s of [[peptide hormone]]s"<ref name="nobel-1977"> |
|"for the development of [[radioimmunoassay]]s of [[peptide hormone]]s"<ref name="nobel-1977">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1977/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1977/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977 |
||
வரிசை 1,068: | வரிசை 996: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan=3|1978 |
|rowspan=3|1978 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Werner Arber 2008.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Werner Arber]] |
|[[Werner Arber]] |
||
|Switzerland |
|Switzerland |
||
|rowspan=3|"for the discovery of [[restriction enzyme]]s and their application to problems of [[மூலக்கூற்று மரபியல்]]"<ref name="nobel-1978"> |
|rowspan=3|"for the discovery of [[restriction enzyme]]s and their application to problems of [[மூலக்கூற்று மரபியல்]]"<ref name="nobel-1978">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1978/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1978/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978 |
||
வரிசை 1,083: | வரிசை 1,010: | ||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Hamilton Smith.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Hamilton O. Smith]] |
|[[Hamilton O. Smith]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
வரிசை 1,091: | வரிசை 1,018: | ||
|[[Allan McLeod Cormack|Allan M. Cormack]] |
|[[Allan McLeod Cormack|Allan M. Cormack]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|rowspan=2|"for the development of [[வரியோட்டவழிக் கணித்த குறுக்குவெட்டு வரைவி]]"<ref name="nobel-1979"> |
|rowspan=2|"for the development of [[வரியோட்டவழிக் கணித்த குறுக்குவெட்டு வரைவி]]"<ref name="nobel-1979">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1979/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1979/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979 |
||
வரிசை 1,107: | வரிசை 1,033: | ||
|[[Baruj Benacerraf]] |
|[[Baruj Benacerraf]] |
||
|Venezuela |
|Venezuela |
||
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined [[major histocompatibility complex|structures on the cell surface]] that regulate [[நோய் எதிர்ப்பாற்றல் முறைமை|immunological reactions]]"<ref name="nobel-1980"> |
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined [[major histocompatibility complex|structures on the cell surface]] that regulate [[நோய் எதிர்ப்பாற்றல் முறைமை|immunological reactions]]"<ref name="nobel-1980">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1980/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1980/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980 |
||
வரிசை 1,127: | வரிசை 1,052: | ||
|[[Roger Wolcott Sperry|Roger W. Sperry]] |
|[[Roger Wolcott Sperry|Roger W. Sperry]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|"for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the [[cerebral hemisphere]]s"<ref name |
|"for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the [[cerebral hemisphere]]s"<ref name="nobel-1981" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| |
||
|[[David H. Hubel]] |
|[[David H. Hubel]] |
||
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning information processing in the [[ |
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning information processing in the [[பார்வைத் தொகுதி]]"<ref name="nobel-1981">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1981/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1981/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981 |
||
வரிசை 1,148: | வரிசை 1,072: | ||
|[[Sune Bergström|Sune K. Bergström]] |
|[[Sune Bergström|Sune K. Bergström]] |
||
|Sweden |
|Sweden |
||
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning [[prostaglandin]]s and related biologically active substances"<ref name="nobel-1982"> |
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning [[prostaglandin]]s and related biologically active substances"<ref name="nobel-1982">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1982/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1982/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982 |
||
வரிசை 1,168: | வரிசை 1,091: | ||
|[[Barbara McClintock]] |
|[[Barbara McClintock]] |
||
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
| "for her discovery of [[இடமாறும் டி.என்.ஏ|mobile genetic elements]]"<ref name="nobel-1983"> |
| "for her discovery of [[இடமாறும் டி.என்.ஏ|mobile genetic elements]]"<ref name="nobel-1983">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1983/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1983/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1983 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1983 |
||
வரிசை 1,180: | வரிசை 1,102: | ||
|[[Niels Kaj Jerne|Niels K. Jerne]] |
|[[Niels Kaj Jerne|Niels K. Jerne]] |
||
|Denmark |
|Denmark |
||
|rowspan=3|"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the [[நோய் எதிர்ப்பாற்றல் முறைமை]] and the discovery of the principle for production of [[monoclonal antibodies]]"<ref name="nobel-1984"> |
|rowspan=3|"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the [[நோய் எதிர்ப்பாற்றல் முறைமை]] and the discovery of the principle for production of [[monoclonal antibodies]]"<ref name="nobel-1984">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1984/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1984/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984 |
||
வரிசை 1,194: | வரிசை 1,115: | ||
| |
| |
||
|[[César Milstein]] |
|[[César Milstein]] |
||
|[[அர்கெந்தீனா]]<br>United Kingdom |
|[[அர்கெந்தீனா]]<br />United Kingdom |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan=2|1985 |
|rowspan=2|1985 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Mike Brown 2003.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Michael Stuart Brown|Michael S. Brown]] |
|[[Michael Stuart Brown|Michael S. Brown]] |
||
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of [[கொலஸ்டிரால்]] [[வளர்சிதைமாற்றம்]]"<ref name="nobel-1985"> |
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of [[கொலஸ்டிரால்]] [[வளர்சிதைமாற்றம்]]"<ref name="nobel-1985">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1985/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1985/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985 |
||
வரிசை 1,208: | வரிசை 1,128: | ||
}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Joe Goldstein.JPG|75px]] |
||
|[[Joseph L. Goldstein]] |
|[[Joseph L. Goldstein]] |
||
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan=2|1986 |
|rowspan=2|1986 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Stanley Cohen-Biochemist.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[ஸ்டான்லி கோஹன் (உயிர்வேதியியலாளர்)|ஸ்டான்லி கோஹன்]] |
|[[ஸ்டான்லி கோஹன் (உயிர்வேதியியலாளர்)|ஸ்டான்லி கோஹன்]] |
||
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries of [[growth factor]]s"<ref name="nobel-1986"> |
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries of [[growth factor]]s"<ref name="nobel-1986">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1986/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1986/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986 |
||
வரிசை 1,226: | வரிசை 1,145: | ||
| |
| |
||
|[[ரீட்டா லெவி மோண்டால்சினி]] |
|[[ரீட்டா லெவி மோண்டால்சினி]] |
||
|Italy<br>ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|Italy<br />ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|1987 |
|1987 |
||
வரிசை 1,232: | வரிசை 1,151: | ||
|[[Susumu Tonegawa]] |
|[[Susumu Tonegawa]] |
||
|[[ஜப்பான்]] |
|[[ஜப்பான்]] |
||
|"for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of [[பிறபொருளெதிரி]] diversity"<ref name="nobel-1987"> |
|"for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of [[பிறபொருளெதிரி]] diversity"<ref name="nobel-1987">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1987/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1987/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1987 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1987 |
||
வரிசை 1,244: | வரிசை 1,162: | ||
|Sir [[James W. Black]] |
|Sir [[James W. Black]] |
||
|United Kingdom |
|United Kingdom |
||
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries of important principles for [[Pharmacology|drug treatment]]"<ref name="nobel-1988"> |
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries of important principles for [[Pharmacology|drug treatment]]"<ref name="nobel-1988">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1988/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1988/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988 |
||
வரிசை 1,262: | வரிசை 1,179: | ||
|[[J. Michael Bishop]] |
|[[J. Michael Bishop]] |
||
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
|rowspan=2|"for their discovery of the cellular origin of [[retrovirus|retroviral]] [[oncogene]]s"<ref name="nobel-1989"> |
|rowspan=2|"for their discovery of the cellular origin of [[retrovirus|retroviral]] [[oncogene]]s"<ref name="nobel-1989">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1989/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1989/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1989 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1989 |
||
வரிசை 1,277: | வரிசை 1,193: | ||
|[[Joseph Murray|Joseph E. Murray]] |
|[[Joseph Murray|Joseph E. Murray]] |
||
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning [[ |
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning [[உறுப்பு மாற்று|organ and cell transplantation]] in the treatment of human disease"<ref name="nobel-1990">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1990/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1990/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1990 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1990 |
||
வரிசை 1,289: | வரிசை 1,204: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan=2|1991 |
|rowspan=2|1991 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Erwin neher 2007 lindau.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[எர்வின் நேயெர்]] |
|[[எர்வின் நேயெர்]] |
||
|ஜெர்மனி |
|ஜெர்மனி |
||
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning the function of single [[ion channel]]s in cells"<ref name="nobel-1991"> |
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning the function of single [[ion channel]]s in cells"<ref name="nobel-1991">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1991/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1991/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991 |
||
வரிசை 1,307: | வரிசை 1,221: | ||
|rowspan=2| |
|rowspan=2| |
||
|[[Edmond H. Fischer]] |
|[[Edmond H. Fischer]] |
||
|Switzerland<br>ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|Switzerland<br />ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning reversible [[புரதம்]] [[phosphorylation]] as a biological regulatory mechanism"<ref name="nobel-1992"> |
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning reversible [[புரதம்]] [[phosphorylation]] as a biological regulatory mechanism"<ref name="nobel-1992">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1992/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1992/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992 |
||
வரிசை 1,323: | வரிசை 1,236: | ||
|Sir [[Richard J. Roberts]] |
|Sir [[Richard J. Roberts]] |
||
|United Kingdom |
|United Kingdom |
||
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries of [[split gene]]s"<ref name="nobel-1993"> |
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries of [[split gene]]s"<ref name="nobel-1993">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1993/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1993/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1993 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1993 |
||
வரிசை 1,338: | வரிசை 1,250: | ||
|[[Alfred G. Gilman]] |
|[[Alfred G. Gilman]] |
||
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
|rowspan=2|"for their discovery of [[G-protein]]s and the role of these proteins in [[சமிக்ஞை கடத்துகை]] in cells"<ref name="nobel-1994"> |
|rowspan=2|"for their discovery of [[G-protein]]s and the role of these proteins in [[சமிக்ஞை கடத்துகை]] in cells"<ref name="nobel-1994">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1994/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1994/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1994 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1994 |
||
வரிசை 1,353: | வரிசை 1,264: | ||
|[[Edward B. Lewis]] |
|[[Edward B. Lewis]] |
||
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early [[முளைய விருத்தி]]"<ref name="nobel-1995"> |
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early [[முளைய விருத்தி]]"<ref name="nobel-1995">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1995/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1995/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995 |
||
வரிசை 1,361: | வரிசை 1,271: | ||
}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard mg 4383.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard]] |
|[[Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard]] |
||
|Federal Republic of Germany |
|Federal Republic of Germany |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Eric F. Wieschaus.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Eric F. Wieschaus]] |
|[[Eric F. Wieschaus]] |
||
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
வரிசை 1,373: | வரிசை 1,283: | ||
|[[Peter C. Doherty]] |
|[[Peter C. Doherty]] |
||
|Australia |
|Australia |
||
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the [[major histocompatibility complex|cell mediated immune defence]]"<ref name="nobel-1996"> |
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the [[major histocompatibility complex|cell mediated immune defence]]"<ref name="nobel-1996">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1996/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1996/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1996 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1996 |
||
வரிசை 1,388: | வரிசை 1,297: | ||
| [[Stanley B. Prusiner]] |
| [[Stanley B. Prusiner]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|"for his discovery of [[புரதப்பீழை]]s |
|"for his discovery of [[புரதப்பீழை]]s – a new biological principle of infection"<ref name="nobel-1997">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1997/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1997/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1997 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1997 |
||
வரிசை 1,400: | வரிசை 1,308: | ||
|[[Robert F. Furchgott]] |
|[[Robert F. Furchgott]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning [[நைட்ரிக் ஆக்சைடு]] as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system"<ref name="nobel-1998"> |
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning [[நைட்ரிக் ஆக்சைடு]] as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system"<ref name="nobel-1998">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1998/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1998/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998 |
||
வரிசை 1,412: | வரிசை 1,319: | ||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Ferid Murad.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Ferid Murad]] |
|[[Ferid Murad]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|1999 |
|1999 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Gunter Blobel 2008 1.JPG|75px]] |
||
|[[Günter Blobel]] |
|[[Günter Blobel]] |
||
|United States |
|United States |
||
|"for the discovery that [[புரதம்]]s have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell"<ref name="nobel-1999"> |
|"for the discovery that [[புரதம்]]s have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell"<ref name="nobel-1999">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1999/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1999/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1999 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1999 |
||
வரிசை 1,432: | வரிசை 1,338: | ||
|[[Arvid Carlsson]] |
|[[Arvid Carlsson]] |
||
|Sweden |
|Sweden |
||
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning [[சமிக்ஞை கடத்துகை]] in the [[நரம்புத் தொகுதி]]"<ref name="nobel-2000"> |
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning [[சமிக்ஞை கடத்துகை]] in the [[நரம்புத் தொகுதி]]"<ref name="nobel-2000">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2000/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2000/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000 |
||
வரிசை 1,443: | வரிசை 1,348: | ||
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Eric Richard Kandel.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[எரிக் காண்டல்|Eric R. Kandel]] |
|[[எரிக் காண்டல்|Eric R. Kandel]] |
||
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
வரிசை 1,451: | வரிசை 1,356: | ||
|[[Leland H. Hartwell]] |
|[[Leland H. Hartwell]] |
||
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries of key regulators of the [[ |
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries of key regulators of the [[கல வட்டம்]]"<ref name="nobel-2001">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2001/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2001/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001 |
||
வரிசை 1,459: | வரிசை 1,363: | ||
}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Tim hunt.jpg|75px]] |
||
|Sir [[Tim Hunt]] |
|Sir [[Tim Hunt]] |
||
|United Kingdom |
|United Kingdom |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Plos nurse.jpg|75px]] |
||
|Sir [[Paul Nurse|Paul M. Nurse]] |
|Sir [[Paul Nurse|Paul M. Nurse]] |
||
|United Kingdom |
|United Kingdom |
||
வரிசை 1,471: | வரிசை 1,375: | ||
|[[Sydney Brenner]] |
|[[Sydney Brenner]] |
||
|United Kingdom |
|United Kingdom |
||
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning 'genetic regulation of organ development and [[உயிரணு தன்மடிவு|programmed cell death]]'"<ref name="nobel-2002"> |
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning 'genetic regulation of organ development and [[உயிரணு தன்மடிவு|programmed cell death]]'"<ref name="nobel-2002">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2002/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2002/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002 |
||
வரிசை 1,483: | வரிசை 1,386: | ||
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:John Sulston.jpg|75px]] |
||
|Sir [[John E. Sulston]] |
|Sir [[John E. Sulston]] |
||
|United Kingdom |
|United Kingdom |
||
வரிசை 1,491: | வரிசை 1,394: | ||
|[[Paul Lauterbur]] |
|[[Paul Lauterbur]] |
||
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning [[காந்த அதிர்வு அலை வரைவு]]"<ref name="nobel-2003"> |
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning [[காந்த அதிர்வு அலை வரைவு]]"<ref name="nobel-2003">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2003/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2003/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003 |
||
வரிசை 1,499: | வரிசை 1,401: | ||
}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Peter Mansfield Leipzig.jpg|75px]] |
||
|Sir [[Peter Mansfield]] |
|Sir [[Peter Mansfield]] |
||
|United Kingdom |
|United Kingdom |
||
வரிசை 1,507: | வரிசை 1,409: | ||
|[[ரிச்சார்ட் ஆக்செல்]] |
|[[ரிச்சார்ட் ஆக்செல்]] |
||
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries of [[odorant receptor]]s and the organization of the [[olfactory system]]"<ref name="nobel-2004"> |
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries of [[odorant receptor]]s and the organization of the [[olfactory system]]"<ref name="nobel-2004">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2004/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2004/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004 |
||
வரிசை 1,515: | வரிசை 1,416: | ||
}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:LindaBuck cropped 1.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[லிண்டா பக்]] |
|[[லிண்டா பக்]] |
||
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan=2|2005 |
|rowspan=2|2005 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:marshall 2008.JPG|75px]] |
||
|[[Barry Marshall|Barry J. Marshall]] |
|[[Barry Marshall|Barry J. Marshall]] |
||
|Australia |
|Australia |
||
|rowspan=2|"for their discovery of the bacterium ''[[எலிக்கோபேக்டர் பைலோரி]]'' and its role in [[ |
|rowspan=2|"for their discovery of the bacterium ''[[எலிக்கோபேக்டர் பைலோரி]]'' and its role in [[இரைப்பை அழற்சி]] and [[வயிற்றுப் புண்]]"<ref name="nobel-2005">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2005/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2005/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005 |
||
வரிசை 1,531: | வரிசை 1,431: | ||
}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Robin Warren.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Robin Warren|J. Robin Warren]] |
|[[Robin Warren|J. Robin Warren]] |
||
|Australia |
|Australia |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan=2|2006 |
|rowspan=2|2006 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Andrew Fire, Stanford University.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Andrew Fire|Andrew Z. Fire]] |
|[[Andrew Fire|Andrew Z. Fire]] |
||
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
|rowspan=2|"for their discovery of [[ஆர்.என்.ஏ குறுக்கீடு]] |
|rowspan=2|"for their discovery of [[ஆர்.என்.ஏ குறுக்கீடு]] – gene silencing by double-stranded RNA"<ref name="nobel-2006">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2006/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2006/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006 |
||
வரிசை 1,552: | வரிசை 1,451: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan=3|2007 |
|rowspan=3|2007 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Mario Capecchi UTHSCSA.JPG|75px]] |
||
|[[Mario Capecchi|Mario R. Capecchi]] |
|[[Mario Capecchi|Mario R. Capecchi]] |
||
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of [[embryonic stem cell]]s."<ref name="nobel-2007"> |
|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of [[embryonic stem cell]]s."<ref name="nobel-2007">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2007/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2007/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007 |
||
வரிசை 1,563: | வரிசை 1,461: | ||
}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Martin Evans Nobel Prize.jpg|75px]] |
||
|Sir [[Martin Evans|Martin J. Evans]] |
|Sir [[Martin Evans|Martin J. Evans]] |
||
|United Kingdom |
|United Kingdom |
||
வரிசை 1,572: | வரிசை 1,470: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan=3|2008 |
|rowspan=3|2008 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Harald zur Hausen-press conference Dec 06th, 2008-6.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[ஹெரால்டு சூர் ஹாசென்]] |
|[[ஹெரால்டு சூர் ஹாசென்]] |
||
|ஜெர்மனி |
|ஜெர்மனி |
||
|"for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing [[கருப்பப்பை வாய்ப் புற்றுநோய்]]"<ref name="nobel-2008"> |
|"for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing [[கருப்பப்பை வாய்ப் புற்றுநோய்]]"<ref name="nobel-2008">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2008/index.html |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2008/index.html |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008 |
||
வரிசை 1,583: | வரிசை 1,480: | ||
}}</ref><br /> |
}}</ref><br /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Françoise Barré-Sinoussi-press conference Dec 06th, 2008-1.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[பிரான்சுவாசு பாரி-சினோசி]] |
|[[பிரான்சுவாசு பாரி-சினோசி]] |
||
|பிரான்ஸ் |
|பிரான்ஸ் |
||
|rowspan=2|"for their discovery of [[எச்.ஐ.வி]]"<ref name="nobel-2008"/> |
|rowspan=2|"for their discovery of [[எச்.ஐ.வி]]"<ref name="nobel-2008" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:LucMontagnier1995 065.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[Luc Montagnier]] |
|[[Luc Montagnier]] |
||
|France |
|France |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan=3|2009 |
|rowspan=3|2009 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Elizabeth Blackburn 2009-01.JPG|75px]] |
||
||[[எலிசபெத் பிளாக்பர்ன்]] |
||[[எலிசபெத் பிளாக்பர்ன்]] |
||
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா<br>ஆஸ்திரேலியா |
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா<br />ஆஸ்திரேலியா |
||
|rowspan=3|"for the discovery of how [[நிறப்புரி]]s are protected by [[முனைக்கூறு]]s and the [[நொதியம்]] [[telomerase]]"<ref name="nobel-2009"> |
|rowspan=3|"for the discovery of how [[நிறப்புரி]]s are protected by [[முனைக்கூறு]]s and the [[நொதியம்]] [[telomerase]]"<ref name="nobel-2009">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2009/ |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2009/ |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009 |
||
வரிசை 1,604: | வரிசை 1,500: | ||
}}</ref><br /> |
}}</ref><br /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:Carol Greider 2009-01.JPG|75px]] |
||
|[[கரோல் கிரெய்டர்]] |
|[[கரோல் கிரெய்டர்]] |
||
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:JSzostak.jpg|75px]] |
||
|[[ஜாக் சோஸ்டாக்]] |
|[[ஜாக் சோஸ்டாக்]] |
||
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
வரிசை 1,614: | வரிசை 1,510: | ||
|2010 |
|2010 |
||
| |
| |
||
||[[ராபர்ட் எட்வர்ட்சு]] |
||[[ராபர்ட் எட்வர்ட்சு]] |
||
|ஐக்கிய இராச்சியம் |
|ஐக்கிய இராச்சியம் |
||
|"for the development of [[வெளிச் சோதனை முறை கருக்கட்டல்]]"<ref name="nobel-2010"> |
|"for the development of [[வெளிச் சோதனை முறை கருக்கட்டல்]]"<ref name="nobel-2010">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2010/ |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2010/ |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2010 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2010 |
||
வரிசை 1,630: | வரிசை 1,525: | ||
||[[புரூஸ் பொய்ட்லர்|புரூஸ் அலன் பொய்ட்லர்]] |
||[[புரூஸ் பொய்ட்லர்|புரூஸ் அலன் பொய்ட்லர்]] |
||
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning the activation of [[Adaptive immune system|innate immunity]]"<ref name="nobel-2011"> |
|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning the activation of [[Adaptive immune system|innate immunity]]"<ref name="nobel-2011">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2011/ |
| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2011/ |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011 |
||
வரிசை 1,644: | வரிசை 1,538: | ||
| |
| |
||
|[[ரால்ஃப் ஸ்டைன்மன்]] |
|[[ரால்ஃப் ஸ்டைன்மன்]] |
||
|கனடா<br>ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
|கனடா<br />ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
||
|rowspan=1|"கிளைவடிவ உயிரணுக் கண்டுபிடிப்புக்காகவும், புதிய அச்சுறுத்தல்களுக்கு ஏற்ப நோய் எதிர்ப்புக் கட்டமைப்பின் ஒரு பிரிவு எப்படி உருமாறிக்கொள்கிறது" என்பதைக் கண்டுபிடித்தமைக்காக நோபல் பரிசு வழங்கப்பட்டது"<ref name="nobel-2011" /><br/><small> (awarded posthumously)</small><ref>{{cite web|title=Ralph Steinman Remains Nobel Laureate|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/press/nobelfoundation/press_releases/2011/steinman.html|accessdate=4 October 2011|publisher=[[The Nobel Foundation]]|date=3 October 2011}}</ref> |
|rowspan=1|"கிளைவடிவ உயிரணுக் கண்டுபிடிப்புக்காகவும், புதிய அச்சுறுத்தல்களுக்கு ஏற்ப நோய் எதிர்ப்புக் கட்டமைப்பின் ஒரு பிரிவு எப்படி உருமாறிக்கொள்கிறது" என்பதைக் கண்டுபிடித்தமைக்காக நோபல் பரிசு வழங்கப்பட்டது"<ref name="nobel-2011" /><br /><small> (awarded posthumously)</small><ref>{{cite web|title=Ralph Steinman Remains Nobel Laureate|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/press/nobelfoundation/press_releases/2011/steinman.html|accessdate=4 October 2011|publisher=[[The Nobel Foundation]]|date=3 October 2011}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|rowspan=2|2012 |
|rowspan=2|2012 |
||
|[[ |
|[[படிமம்:John Gurdon Cambridge 2012.JPG|75px]] |
||
|[[சான் பி. குர்தோன்]] |
|[[சான் பி. குர்தோன்]] |
||
|பிரித்தானியா |
|பிரித்தானியா |
||
|rowspan=2|"முழு வளர்ச்சி அடைந்த உயிரணுக்களை (cells) மீண்டும் குருத்தணுக்கள் போல் (stem cells) மாற்ற முடியும், சிறப்பு வளர்ச்சி அடையாத முன் நிலைக்கு மாற்ற முடியும் என்று காட்டினார்கள்"<ref name="nobel-2012"> |
|rowspan=2|"முழு வளர்ச்சி அடைந்த உயிரணுக்களை (cells) மீண்டும் குருத்தணுக்கள் போல் (stem cells) மாற்ற முடியும், சிறப்பு வளர்ச்சி அடையாத முன் நிலைக்கு மாற்ற முடியும் என்று காட்டினார்கள்"<ref name="nobel-2012">{{cite web |
||
{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2012/ |
| url = http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2012/ |
||
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 |
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 |
||
வரிசை 1,665: | வரிசை 1,558: | ||
|} |
|} |
||
==மேற்கோள்கள்== |
== மேற்கோள்கள் == |
||
;பொது |
;பொது |
||
{{refbegin}} |
{{refbegin}} |
09:01, 9 அக்டோபர் 2014 இல் நிலவும் திருத்தம்
இக்கட்டுரை தமிழாக்கம் செய்யப்பட வேண்டியுள்ளது. இதைத் தொகுத்துத் தமிழாக்கம் செய்வதன் மூலம் நீங்கள் இதன் வளர்ச்சியில் பங்களிக்கலாம். |
மருத்துவம் அல்லது உடலியங்கியலுக்கான நோபெல் பரிசு | |
---|---|
படிமம்:Nobel prize medal.jpg | |
விளக்கம் | மருத்துவம் அல்லது உடலியங்கியல் துறையில் குறிப்பிடத்தங்க பங்களிப்பிற்காக |
நாடு | சுவீடன் |
வழங்குபவர் | சுவீடன் அரச அறிவியல் கல்வியகம் |
முதலில் வழங்கப்பட்டது | 1901 |
இணையதளம் | http://nobelprize.org |
மருத்துவம் அல்லது உடலியங்கியலுக்கான நோபெல் பரிசு (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine) என்பது வருடத்திற்கு ஒரு முறை வழங்கப்படும் நோபெல் பரிசுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். ஆல்ஃபிரட் நோபெலால் நிறுவப்பட்ட இப்பரிசு சுவீடனில் உள்ள முக்கிய மருத்துவ மையமான கரோலின்ஸ்கா மையத்தால் வழங்கப்படுகிறது. இது மருத்துவத்துறையிலோ உடலியங்கியல் துறையிலோ குறிப்பிடத்தக்க கண்டுபிடிப்பினைச் செய்த ஒருவர் அல்லது பலருக்கு வழங்கப்படுகிறது.
பரிசு பெற்றவர்களின் பட்டியல்
ஆண்டு | பரிசு பெற்றவர்[A] | நாடு[B] | காரணம்[C] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1901 | எமில் அடால்ஃப் வான் பெர்ரிங் | ஜெர்மனி | "for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths"[1] | |
1902 | ரொனால்டு ராஸ் | ஐக்கிய ராச்சியம் | "for his work on மலேரியா, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it"[2] | |
1903 | நீல்ஸ் ரிபெர்க் ஃபின்சென் | டென்மார்க் (ஃபாரோ தீவுகள்) |
"[for] his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science"[3] | |
1904 | இவான் பெத்ரோவிச் பாவ்லோவ் | உருசியா | "in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged"[4] | |
1905 | ராபர்ட் கோக் | ஜெர்மனி | "for his investigations and discoveries in relation to காச நோய்"[5] | |
1906 | கேமிலோ கொல்கி | இத்தாலி | "in recognition of their work on the structure of the நரம்புத் தொகுதி"[6] | |
Santiago Ramón y Cajal | எசுப்பானியா | |||
1907 | Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran | பிரான்சு | "in recognition of his work on the role played by மூத்தவிலங்கு in causing diseases"[7] | |
1908 | Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov | Russia | "in recognition of their work on immunity"[8] | |
படிமம்:Paul Ehrlich 4.jpg | Paul Ehrlich | Germany | ||
1909 | Emil Theodor Kocher | சுவிட்சர்லாந்து | "for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the கேடயச் சுரப்பி"[9] | |
1910 | Albrecht Kossel | Germany | "in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on புரதம்s, including the nucleic substances"[10] | |
1911 | ஆல்வார் குல்ஸ்ட்ரான்ட் | சுவீடன் | "for his work on the dioptrics of the eye"[11] | |
1912 | அலெக்சிஸ் காரெல் | பிரான்சு | "[for] his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of குருதிக்குழல்s and organs"[12] | |
1913 | Charles Richet | France | "[for] his work on anaphylaxis"[13] | |
1914 | Robert Bárány | ஆசுதிரியா | "for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus"[14] | |
1915 | Not awarded | |||
1916 | ||||
1917 | ||||
1918 | ||||
1919 | Jules Bordet | பெல்ஜியம் | "for his discoveries relating to immunity"[15] | |
1920 | Schack August Steenberg Krogh | டென்மார்க் | "for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism"[16] | |
1921 | Not awarded | |||
1922 | Archibald Vivian Hill | United Kingdom | "for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the தசை"[17] | |
ஓட்டோ பிரிட்சு மேயெர்ஹோப் | Germany | "for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of ஆக்சிசன் and the வளர்சிதைமாற்றம் of லாக்டிக் அமிலம் in the muscle"[17] | ||
1923 | Frederick Grant Banting | கனடா | "for the discovery of இன்சுலின்"[18] | |
John James Rickard Macleod | Canada | |||
1924 | Willem Einthoven | The Netherlands | "for the discovery of the mechanism of the இதய துடிப்பலைஅளவி"[19] | |
1925 | Not awarded | |||
1926 | Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger | டென்மார்க் | "for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma"[20] | |
1927 | Julius Wagner-Jauregg | Austria | "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of மலேரியா inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica"[21] | |
1928 | Charles Jules Henri Nicolle | France | "டைஃபசு குறித்த ஆய்விற்கு"[22] | |
1929 | Christiaan Eijkman | The Netherlands | "for his discovery of the antineuritic உயிர்ச்சத்து"[23] | |
ஃபிரடரிக் கௌலாண்ட் ஹாப்கின்ஸ் | இங்கிலாந்து | "for his discovery of the growth-stimulating உயிர்ச்சத்துs"[23] | ||
1930 | கார்ல் லாண்ட்ஸ்டெய்னெர் | ஆஸ்திரியா | "for his discovery of human blood groups"[24] | |
1931 | Otto Heinrich Warburg | Germany | "for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme"[25] | |
1932 | Sir Charles Scott Sherrington | United Kingdom | "for their discoveries regarding the functions of நரம்பணுs"[26] | |
Edgar Douglas Adrian | United Kingdom | |||
1933 | Thomas Hunt Morgan | அமெரிக்க ஐக்கிய நாடு | "for his discoveries concerning the role played by the நிறப்புரி in பாரம்பரியம்"[27] | |
1934 | George Hoyt Whipple | United States | "for their discoveries concerning கல்லீரல் therapy in cases of குருதிச்சோகை"[28] | |
George Richards Minot | United States | |||
William Parry Murphy | United States | |||
1935 | Hans Spemann | Germany | "for his discovery of the organizer effect in முளைய விருத்தி"[29] | |
1936 | Sir Henry Hallett Dale | United Kingdom | "for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses"[30] | |
Otto Loewi | Austria | |||
1937 | ஆல்பர்ட் செண்ட்-ஜியார்ஜி | ஹங்கேரி | "for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to உயிர்ச்சத்து சி and the catalysis of ஃபியூமரிக் அமிலம்"[31] | |
1938 | Corneille Jean François Heymans | Belgium | "for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration"[32] | |
1939 | Gerhard Domagk | Germany | "for the discovery of the நுண்ணுயிர் எதிர்ப்பி effects of prontosil"[33] | |
1940 | Not awarded | |||
1941 | ||||
1942 | ||||
1943 | Carl Peter Henrik Dam | Denmark | "for his discovery of உயிர்ச்சத்து கே"[34] | |
Edward Adelbert Doisy | United States | "for his discovery of the chemical nature of உயிர்ச்சத்து கே"[34] | ||
1944 | Joseph Erlanger | United States | "for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres"[35] | |
Herbert Spencer Gasser | United States | |||
1945 | அலெக்சாண்டர் பிளெமிங் | இங்கிலாந்து | "for the discovery of பெனிசிலின் and its curative effect in various நோய்த்தொற்றுs"[36] | |
Sir Ernst Boris Chain | United Kingdom | |||
Howard Walter Florey | ஆஸ்திரேலியா | |||
1946 | Hermann Joseph Muller | அமெரிக்க ஐக்கிய நாடு | "for the discovery of the production of மரபணு திடீர்மாற்றம்s by means of எக்சு-கதிர் irradiation"[37] | |
1947 | Carl Ferdinand Cori | United States | "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of கிளைக்கோசன்"[38] | |
Gerty Theresa Cori, née Radnitz | United States | |||
Bernardo Alberto Houssay | அர்கெந்தீனா | "for his discovery of the part played by the இயக்குநீர் of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar"[38] | ||
1948 | Paul Hermann Müller | Switzerland | "for his discovery of the high efficiency of டி.டி.டீ as a contact poison against several arthropods"[39] | |
1949 | Walter Rudolf Hess | Switzerland | "for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs"[40] | |
António Caetano Egas Moniz | போர்த்துகல் | "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy (lobotomy) in certain psychoses"[40] | ||
1950 | Philip Showalter Hench | United States | "for their discoveries relating to the இயக்குநீர்s of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects"[41] | |
Edward Calvin Kendall | United States | |||
Tadeusz Reichstein | Switzerland | |||
1951 | Max Theiler | Union of South Africa | "for his discoveries concerning மஞ்சள் காய்ச்சல் and how to combat it"[42] | |
1952 | Selman Abraham Waksman | United States | "for his discovery of streptomycin, the first நுண்ணுயிர் எதிர்ப்பி effective against காச நோய்"[43] | |
1953 | Sir Hans Adolf Krebs | United Kingdom | "for his discovery of the சிட்ரிக் அமில சுழற்சி"[44] | |
Fritz Albert Lipmann | United States | "for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism"[44] | ||
1954 | John Franklin Enders | United States | "for their discovery of the ability of இளம்பிள்ளை வாதம் தீ நுண்மம்es to grow in cultures of various types of tissue"[45] | |
Frederick Chapman Robbins | United States | |||
Thomas Huckle Weller | United States | |||
1955 | Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell | Sweden | "for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes"[46] | |
1956 | André Frédéric Cournand | United States | "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the சுற்றோட்டத் தொகுதி"[47] | |
Werner Forssmann | Federal Republic of Germany | |||
Dickinson W. Richards | United States | |||
1957 | Daniel Bovet | இத்தாலி | "for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles"[48] | |
1958 | George Wells Beadle | United States | "for their discovery that மரபணுs act by regulating definite chemical events"[49] | |
Edward Lawrie Tatum | United States | |||
Joshua Lederberg | United States | "for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of பாக்டீரியா"[49] | ||
1959 | Arthur Kornberg | United States | "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ரைபோ கருவமிலம் and டி. என். ஏ."[50] | |
Severo Ochoa | Spain United States | |||
1960 | Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet | Australia | "for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance"[51] | |
Sir Peter Brian Medawar | United Kingdom | |||
1961 | Georg von Békésy | United States | "for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea"[52] | |
1962 | பிரான்சிஸ் கிரிக் | இங்கிலாந்து | "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of கருவமிலம்s and its significance for information transfer in living material"[53] | |
James Dewey Watson | United States | |||
Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins | நியூசிலாந்து United Kingdom | |||
1963 | Sir John Carew Eccles | Australia | "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the நரம்பு உயிரணு மென்சவ்வு"[54] | |
Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin | United Kingdom | |||
Sir Andrew Fielding Huxley | United Kingdom | |||
1964 | Konrad Bloch | United States | "for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the கொலஸ்டிரால் and கொழுப்பு அமிலம் வளர்சிதைமாற்றம்"[55] | |
Feodor Lynen | Federal Republic of Germany | |||
1965 | François Jacob | France | "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis"[56] | |
André Lwoff | France | |||
ஜாக்குவஸ் மோனாட் | France | |||
1966 | Peyton Rous | United States | "for his discovery of கட்டி (உயிரியல்)-inducing தீ நுண்மம்es"[57] | |
Charles Brenton Huggins | United States | "for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of முன்னிற்குஞ்சுரப்பி புற்றுநோய்"[57] | ||
1967 | Ragnar Granit | Finland/Sweden | "for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye"[58] | |
Haldan Keffer Hartline | United States | |||
George Wald | United States | |||
1968 | Robert W. Holley | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | "for their interpretation of the மரபுக்குறியீடு and its function in protein synthesis"[59] | |
ஹர் கோவிந்த் கொரானா | இந்தியா | |||
Marshall W. Nirenberg | United States | |||
1969 | Max Delbrück | United States | "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of தீ நுண்மம்es"[60] | |
Alfred D. Hershey | United States | |||
Salvador E. Luria | United States | |||
1970 | Julius Axelrod | United States | "for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation"[61] | |
Ulf von Euler | Sweden | |||
Sir Bernard Katz | United Kingdom | |||
1971 | Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. | United States | "for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of இயக்குநீர்s"[62] | |
1972 | Gerald M. Edelman | United States | "for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of பிறபொருளெதிரி"[63] | |
Rodney R. Porter | United Kingdom | |||
1973 | Karl von Frisch | Federal Republic of Germany | "for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns"[64] | |
Konrad Lorenz | Austria | |||
நிக்கோ டின்பெர்ஜென் | United Kingdom | |||
1974 | Albert Claude | பெல்ஜியம் | "for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell"[65] | |
Christian de Duve | Belgium | |||
George E. Palade | United States | |||
1975 | David Baltimore | United States | "for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell"[66] | |
Renato Dulbecco | Italy United States | |||
Howard Martin Temin | United States | |||
1976 | Baruch S. Blumberg | United States | "for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of நோய்த்தொற்றுs"[67] | |
D. Carleton Gajdusek | United States | |||
1977 | Roger Guillemin | United States | "for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the மனித மூளை"[68] | |
Andrew V. Schally | United States | |||
Rosalyn Yalow | United States | "for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones"[68] | ||
1978 | Werner Arber | Switzerland | "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of மூலக்கூற்று மரபியல்"[69] | |
Daniel Nathans | United States | |||
Hamilton O. Smith | United States | |||
1979 | Allan M. Cormack | United States | "for the development of வரியோட்டவழிக் கணித்த குறுக்குவெட்டு வரைவி"[70] | |
Sir Godfrey N. Hounsfield | United Kingdom | |||
1980 | Baruj Benacerraf | Venezuela | "for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions"[71] | |
Jean Dausset | France | |||
George D. Snell | United States | |||
1981 | Roger W. Sperry | United States | "for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres"[72] | |
David H. Hubel | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | "for their discoveries concerning information processing in the பார்வைத் தொகுதி"[72] | ||
Torsten N. Wiesel | Sweden | |||
1982 | Sune K. Bergström | Sweden | "for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances"[73] | |
Bengt I. Samuelsson | Sweden | |||
Sir John R. Vane | United Kingdom | |||
1983 | Barbara McClintock | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | "for her discovery of mobile genetic elements"[74] | |
1984 | Niels K. Jerne | Denmark | "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the நோய் எதிர்ப்பாற்றல் முறைமை and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"[75] | |
Georges J.F. Köhler | Federal Republic of Germany | |||
César Milstein | அர்கெந்தீனா United Kingdom | |||
1985 | Michael S. Brown | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of கொலஸ்டிரால் வளர்சிதைமாற்றம்"[76] | |
Joseph L. Goldstein | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | |||
1986 | ஸ்டான்லி கோஹன் | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | "for their discoveries of growth factors"[77] | |
ரீட்டா லெவி மோண்டால்சினி | Italy ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | |||
1987 | Susumu Tonegawa | ஜப்பான் | "for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of பிறபொருளெதிரி diversity"[78] | |
1988 | Sir James W. Black | United Kingdom | "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"[79] | |
Gertrude B. Elion | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | |||
George H. Hitchings | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | |||
1989 | J. Michael Bishop | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | "for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes"[80] | |
Harold E. Varmus | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | |||
1990 | Joseph E. Murray | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | "for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease"[81] | |
E. Donnall Thomas | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | |||
1991 | எர்வின் நேயெர் | ஜெர்மனி | "for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells"[82] | |
பேர்ற் சக்மன் | ஜெர்மனி | |||
1992 | Edmond H. Fischer | Switzerland ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
"for their discoveries concerning reversible புரதம் phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism"[83] | |
Edwin G. Krebs | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | |||
1993 | Sir Richard J. Roberts | United Kingdom | "for their discoveries of split genes"[84] | |
Phillip A. Sharp | United States | |||
1994 | Alfred G. Gilman | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | "for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in சமிக்ஞை கடத்துகை in cells"[85] | |
Martin Rodbell | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | |||
1995 | Edward B. Lewis | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | "for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early முளைய விருத்தி"[86] | |
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard | Federal Republic of Germany | |||
Eric F. Wieschaus | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | |||
1996 | Peter C. Doherty | Australia | "for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence"[87] | |
Rolf M. Zinkernagel | Switzerland | |||
1997 | Stanley B. Prusiner | United States | "for his discovery of புரதப்பீழைs – a new biological principle of infection"[88] | |
1998 | Robert F. Furchgott | United States | "for their discoveries concerning நைட்ரிக் ஆக்சைடு as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system"[89] | |
Louis J. Ignarro | United States | |||
Ferid Murad | United States | |||
1999 | Günter Blobel | United States | "for the discovery that புரதம்s have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell"[90] | |
2000 | Arvid Carlsson | Sweden | "for their discoveries concerning சமிக்ஞை கடத்துகை in the நரம்புத் தொகுதி"[91] | |
Paul Greengard | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | |||
Eric R. Kandel | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | |||
2001 | Leland H. Hartwell | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | "for their discoveries of key regulators of the கல வட்டம்"[92] | |
Sir Tim Hunt | United Kingdom | |||
Sir Paul M. Nurse | United Kingdom | |||
2002 | Sydney Brenner | United Kingdom | "for their discoveries concerning 'genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'"[93] | |
H. Robert Horvitz | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | |||
Sir John E. Sulston | United Kingdom | |||
2003 | Paul Lauterbur | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | "for their discoveries concerning காந்த அதிர்வு அலை வரைவு"[94] | |
Sir Peter Mansfield | United Kingdom | |||
2004 | ரிச்சார்ட் ஆக்செல் | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | "for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system"[95] | |
லிண்டா பக் | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | |||
2005 | Barry J. Marshall | Australia | "for their discovery of the bacterium எலிக்கோபேக்டர் பைலோரி and its role in இரைப்பை அழற்சி and வயிற்றுப் புண்"[96] | |
J. Robin Warren | Australia | |||
2006 | Andrew Z. Fire | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | "for their discovery of ஆர்.என்.ஏ குறுக்கீடு – gene silencing by double-stranded RNA"[97] | |
Craig C. Mello | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | |||
2007 | Mario R. Capecchi | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | "for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells."[98] | |
Sir Martin J. Evans | United Kingdom | |||
Oliver Smithies | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | |||
2008 | ஹெரால்டு சூர் ஹாசென் | ஜெர்மனி | "for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing கருப்பப்பை வாய்ப் புற்றுநோய்"[99] | |
பிரான்சுவாசு பாரி-சினோசி | பிரான்ஸ் | "for their discovery of எச்.ஐ.வி"[99] | ||
Luc Montagnier | France | |||
2009 | எலிசபெத் பிளாக்பர்ன் | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா ஆஸ்திரேலியா |
"for the discovery of how நிறப்புரிs are protected by முனைக்கூறுs and the நொதியம் telomerase"[100] | |
கரோல் கிரெய்டர் | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | |||
ஜாக் சோஸ்டாக் | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | |||
2010 | ராபர்ட் எட்வர்ட்சு | ஐக்கிய இராச்சியம் | "for the development of வெளிச் சோதனை முறை கருக்கட்டல்"[101] | |
2011 | ||||
புரூஸ் அலன் பொய்ட்லர் | ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா | "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity"[102] | ||
சூல்ஸ் ஹொஃப்மன் | பிரெஞ்சு | |||
ரால்ஃப் ஸ்டைன்மன் | கனடா ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா |
"கிளைவடிவ உயிரணுக் கண்டுபிடிப்புக்காகவும், புதிய அச்சுறுத்தல்களுக்கு ஏற்ப நோய் எதிர்ப்புக் கட்டமைப்பின் ஒரு பிரிவு எப்படி உருமாறிக்கொள்கிறது" என்பதைக் கண்டுபிடித்தமைக்காக நோபல் பரிசு வழங்கப்பட்டது"[102] (awarded posthumously)[103] | ||
2012 | சான் பி. குர்தோன் | பிரித்தானியா | "முழு வளர்ச்சி அடைந்த உயிரணுக்களை (cells) மீண்டும் குருத்தணுக்கள் போல் (stem cells) மாற்ற முடியும், சிறப்பு வளர்ச்சி அடையாத முன் நிலைக்கு மாற்ற முடியும் என்று காட்டினார்கள்"[104] | |
சின்யா யாமானாக்கா | நிப்பான் |
மேற்கோள்கள்
- பொது
- "All Nobel Laureates in Medicine". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2008-10-06.
- "Nobel Prize winners by category (physiology or medicine)". பிரித்தானிக்கா கலைக்களஞ்சியம். பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2008-10-15.
- குறிப்பிட்ட
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1901". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1902". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1903". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1905". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1907". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1909". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1910". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1911". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1912". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1913". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1914". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1919". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1920". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1923". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1924". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1926". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1928". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1929". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1930". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1931". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1932". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1933". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1935". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1937". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1938". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1939". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1943". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1946". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1948". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ 40.0 40.1 "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1951". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1952". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ 44.0 44.1 "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1955". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1957". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ 49.0 49.1 "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1961". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1964". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ 57.0 57.1 "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1971". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1972". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1976". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ 68.0 68.1 "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ 72.0 72.1 "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1983". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1987". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1989". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1990". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1993". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1994". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1996". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1997". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1999". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-07-28.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2007-10-08.
- ↑ 99.0 99.1 "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2008-10-06.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2009-10-05.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2010". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2010-10-04.
- ↑ 102.0 102.1 "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2011-10-03.
- ↑ "Ralph Steinman Remains Nobel Laureate". The Nobel Foundation. 3 October 2011. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 4 October 2011.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012". Nobel Foundation. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2012-10-15.