சண்டை: திருத்தங்களுக்கு இடையிலான வேறுபாடு

கட்டற்ற கலைக்களஞ்சியமான விக்கிப்பீடியாவில் இருந்து.
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வரிசை 12: வரிசை 12:


சண்டையில் பங்கேற்க தனிநபர்கள், லேசான [[உளவியல்]] பிரச்சனைகள் முதல் நிரந்தரமான காயங்கள் மற்றும் படுகாயம் அடையும் வாய்ப்புகளும் உண்டு. சண்டையில் உயிர் பிழைத்தவர்கள் வாழ்க்கை கொடுங்கனவுகளை கொண்டிருக்கும். அக்கனவுகள், அவர்கள் சந்தித்த சூழல், அல்லது காட்சிகள் அல்லது ஒலி அசாதாரண எதிர்விளைவுகளை பற்றியே இருக்கும். ஒரு சிலர் [[w:en:Flashback (psychology) | மனநல பாதிப்பிற்கும்]] ஆளாகின்றனர். அது மட்டுமின்றி, சமரில் பெரும்பாலும் [[காயம் | காயமடைவது]], [[ஊனம் | ஊனமுறுவது]], [[வடு]] ஏற்படுவது, உடல்ரீதியான செயல்பாடுகளை இழப்பு, கண்பார்வை மங்குதல், [[பக்கவாதம்]] அல்லது [[மரணம்]] அடைவது நிகழ்கிறது.
சண்டையில் பங்கேற்க தனிநபர்கள், லேசான [[உளவியல்]] பிரச்சனைகள் முதல் நிரந்தரமான காயங்கள் மற்றும் படுகாயம் அடையும் வாய்ப்புகளும் உண்டு. சண்டையில் உயிர் பிழைத்தவர்கள் வாழ்க்கை கொடுங்கனவுகளை கொண்டிருக்கும். அக்கனவுகள், அவர்கள் சந்தித்த சூழல், அல்லது காட்சிகள் அல்லது ஒலி அசாதாரண எதிர்விளைவுகளை பற்றியே இருக்கும். ஒரு சிலர் [[w:en:Flashback (psychology) | மனநல பாதிப்பிற்கும்]] ஆளாகின்றனர். அது மட்டுமின்றி, சமரில் பெரும்பாலும் [[காயம் | காயமடைவது]], [[ஊனம் | ஊனமுறுவது]], [[வடு]] ஏற்படுவது, உடல்ரீதியான செயல்பாடுகளை இழப்பு, கண்பார்வை மங்குதல், [[பக்கவாதம்]] அல்லது [[மரணம்]] அடைவது நிகழ்கிறது.

==21st century==
=== 2001 ===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Battle !!Date !!Description
|-
|[[Operation Essential Harvest]] ||August – November ||A terrorist group known as the National Liberation Army terrorise the town of Tetovo in present-day Republic of Macedonia. The Macedonian armies are later helped by NATO to disarm the National Liberation Army.
|-
|[[Battle of Mazar e Sharif|Battle of Mazar-e-Sharif]] ||9 November ||United States and Northern Alliance forces defeat Taliban forces in the city as part of the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|U.S. Invasion of Afghanistan]].
|-
|[[Battle of Herat]] ||12 November ||Special Operations Forces of the United States and the [[ஈரான்]] assist the [[Afghan Northern Alliance]] in seizing [[Herat]] from the [[தாலிபான்]] amidst a coordinated insurrection and local uprising.
|-
|[[Fall of Kabul|Battle of Kabul]] || 13–14 November ||Northern Alliance and US forces attack Kabul and capture it from the Taliban.
|-
|[[Battle of Tarin Kowt]] || 13–14 November ||[[ஹமித் கர்சாய்]]'s Eastern Alliance together with US forces defend the town of Tarin Kowt from the Taliban.
|-
|[[Fall of Kandahar|Battle of Kandahar]] ||22 November – 7 December ||A force of local militia under Pashtun military commanders and their American advisers capture the last major city under Taliban control.
|-
|[[Battle of Qala-i-Jangi]] ||25 November – 1 December ||Northern Alliance fighters, assisted by British and American Special Forces, quell an uprising of foreign Taliban prisoners.
|-
|[[Battle of Tora Bora]] || 12–17 December ||Coalition and Northern Alliance forces besiege Al-Qaida forces. Presumably, [[உசாமா பின் லாதின்]] was present, but escaped.
|}

===2002===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Battle !!Date !!Description
|-
|[[Operation Anaconda]] || 1–19 March ||The largest land battle between US forces and Taliban militia ends in an unsuccessful US attempt to dislodge the Taliban from their mountain strongholds
|-
|[[Operation Defensive Shield]] ||29 March – 3 May ||[[இசுரேல்]]i operation in the [[மேற்குக் கரை]], aimed to halt Palestinian [[List of Palestinian militant groups suicide attacks|suicide bombings]] against civilians in Israel during the [[Second Intifada]], which results in extensive damage to terrorist infrastructure and an important decrease of Palestinian attacks:
|-
|[[Battle of Jenin]] || 3–11 April ||[[இசுரேல்]] defeats Palestinian militants in the city of [[Jenin]].
|-
|[[Siege of the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem|Battle of Bethlehem]] ||2 April – 10 May ||[[இசுரேல்]] occupies Bethlehem and tries to capture wanted Palestinian militants who are hiding in the Church of the Nativity.
|-
|[[Battle of Nablus]] || 5–8 April ||[[இசுரேல்]] defeats Palestinian militants in the city of [[Nablus]].
|}

===2003===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Battle !!Date !!Description
|-
|[[Battle of Nasiriyah]] || 23–29 March ||American armored and mechanized units force a crossing over the [[புராத்து ஆறு]], despite stiff resistance from the [[ஈராக்]]is.
|-
|[[ஈராக் மீதான படையெடுப்பு, 2003#Opening attack|Battle of Najaf]] ||26 March – 3 April ||The American 327th Infantry Regiment defeats the [[Iraqis]] and takes the city, allowing them to protect vital supply lines for [[Coalition]] forces.
|-
|[[ஈராக் மீதான படையெடுப்பு, 2003#Opening attack|Battle of Karbala]] || 27 & 28 March ||The American 3rd Infantry Division defeats [[ஈராக்]]'s elite [[Republican Guard (Iraq)|Republican Guard]], resulting in 200 [[ஈராக்]]i casualties.
|-
|[[2003 invasion of Baghdad|Battle of Baghdad]] || 3–12 April ||American forces capture the Iraqi capital from Saddam Hussein's forces, causing the downfall of his government.
|-
|[[ஈராக் மீதான படையெடுப்பு, 2003#Opening attack|Battle of Basra]] ||6 April ||British forces manage to secure the city after a month of some of the fiercest fighting since the outbreak of the war.
|-
|[[Battle of Debecka Pass]] ||6 April ||The US forces capture a major crossroad near the village of Debecka in Iraq.
|}

===2004===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Battle !!Date !!Description
|-
|[[Battle of Wana]] || 16–23 March ||Part of the [[Waziristan War]], Pakistani army takes over Taliban positions.
|-
|[[First Battle of Fallujah]] ||4 April – 1 May ||Also called Operation Vigilant Resolve; US forces attempt to retake [[Fallujah]] from the control of [[Iraqi insurgency]], resulting a ceasefire and American withdrawal.
|-
|[[Iraqi Insurgency#Moqtada al-Sadr|Battle of Najaf]] ||5 April – August ||Fighting breaks out in a cemetery near the [[Imam Ali Mosque]] in [[Najaf]] between United States forces and the [[Mahdi Army]] of [[Muqtada al-Sadr]].
|-
|[[Operation Rainbow]] || 18–23 May ||Successful Israeli military operation against [[ஹமாஸ்]], [[Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine|Islamic Jihad]] and the [[பாலிமரேசு தொடர் வினை]].
|-
|[[Operation Days of Penitence]] ||30 September – 16 October ||Israeli offensive launched into the northern [[காசா கரை]]. Israel claims victory after stating its goal of preventing [[Palestinian political violence|Palestinian militants]] from firing [[Qassam rocket]]s into [[Israeli settlement]]s in Gaza and at the town of [[Sderot]].
|-
|[[Second Battle of Fallujah]] ||7 November – 23 December ||Also known as Operation Phantom Fury and Operation ''al-Fajr''; Coalition forces recapture rebel-held [[Fallujah]] in the largest post-invasion clash so far in the war.
|}

===2005===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Battle !!Date !!Description
|-
|[[Operation Matador (Iraq)|Battle of Al Qaim]] || 8–19 May ||Military offensive conducted by the United States Marine Corps, against insurgent positions in Iraq's northwestern Anbar province, ending with US tactical victory.
|-
|[[October 2005 Nalchik attack|Battle of Nalchik]] ||13 October ||The [[Yarmuk Jamaat]] take on [[Nalchik]], [[கபர்தினோ-பல்கரீயா]] in Russia. They are defeated by Russian security forces.
|-
|[[Second Battle of Adre]] ||18 December ||[[Rally for Democracy and Liberty]] attack the government garrison at Adre, Chad. The garrison had been forewarned, and defeats their attackers, taking few casualties.
|}

===2006===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Battle !!Date !!Description
|-
|[[Battle of N'Djamena (2006)|Battle of N'Djamena]] ||13 April ||The Chadian rebel group [[United Front for Democratic Change]] attacks the capital city of [[சாட்]]. The rebels are forced to retreat by the [[Military of Chad]]. Chad breaks off relations with [[சூடான்]] as a result.
|-
|[[Second Battle of Mogadishu]] ||7 May – 11 July ||Militia loyal to the [[Islamic court union]] defeats the [[Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism]] and takes control of the [[சோமாலியா|Somali]] capital [[மொகடிசு]].
|-
|[[Operation Mountain Thrust]] ||15 May- 31 July ||The largest offensive against the [[தாலிபான்]] since 2001 is launched by Coalition forces.
|-
|[[Operation Together Forward]] ||14 June – 24 October ||The Coalition is unsuccessful in succuring Baghdad and reducing violence.
|-
|[[Operation Summer Rains]] ||Since 28 June ||Israel enters the [[காசா கரை]] searching for soldier [[கிலாத் ஷாலித்]], who was abducted in a raid.
|-
|[[Zar'it-Shtula incident]] ||12 July ||A cross-border [[ஹிஸ்புல்லா]] raid captures two Israeli soldiers. Israeli troops enters [[லெபனான்]] in an unsuccessful attempt to get them back. This ignites the [[2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict]].
|-
|[[Battle of Habbaniyah]] ||15 July – December ||U.S. Marines of the Third Battalion, Second Marine Division, sweep through urban sprawl between [[Ramadi]] and [[Fallujah]] in a series of operations (i.e. Operations Rubicon and Sidewinder), disrupting flow of [[அல் காயிதா]] into both cities, and killng and capturing over 300 insurgents. Action centered around Kilo Company, nicknamed "Voodoo", in the town of [[Husaybah]], on the outskirts of Ramadi, killing 20+ insurgents and capturing/wounding 137, while losing only 4 Marines KIA, 17 WIA. The battalion lost 14 Marines KIA, 50+ WIA.
|-
|[[Battle of Bint Jbail]] ||24 July – 11 August ||Israel retreats after attempting to take the town of [[Bint Jbail]] in Lebanon, regarding it as a "Hezbollah stronghold".
|-
|[[Battle of Ayta ash-Shab]] ||31 July – 11 August ||Israel engages in a firefight with Hezbollas in the Lebanese town of [[Ayta ash-Shab]].
|-
|[[Operation Sharp and Smooth]] || 1 & 2 August ||An Israeli airborne operation captures five Lebenese civilians and kills what it claims to be Hezbolla members.
|-
|[[2006 Tyre raid]] ||4 August||Israel successfully raids Tyre to attack Hezbollah members based there.
|-
|[[2006 Litani offensive]] || 11–14 August ||Israel launches the final offensive in the [[2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict]] to clear [[Southern Lebanon]] of as many Hezbolla militants as possible before the ceasefire takes effect. The battle and war end with [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701]].
|-
|[[Operation Medusa]] || 2–17 September ||Coalition troops attacks the [[Taliban insurgency]], securing a tactical victory.
|-
|[[Operation Mountain Fury]] ||09/16/06 – 01/15/07 ||Coalition forces launch a successful follow up to Operation Medusa in an attempt to clear eastern Afghanistan of the Taliban.
|-
|[[Battle of Baidoa]] || 20–26 December ||[[Islamic Courts Union|ICU]] militia battle the Somali [[Transitional Federal Government]]. [[எதியோப்பியா]]n and [[TFG]] troops successfully defend and counterattack against the ICU taking the ICU base cities of [[Dinsoor]] and [[Bur Hakaba]].
|-
|[[Battle of Bandiradley]] || 23–25 December ||[[எதியோப்பியா]]n/[[புன்ட்லாந்து]] offensive in [[Bandiradley]], [[சோமாலியா]] pushes the [[Islamic Courts Union|Islamic Courts]] out of the city and opens up a northern front in the [[Somali Civil War]].
|-
|[[Battle of Beledweyne (2006)|Battle of Beledweyne]] || 24–25 December ||[[எதியோப்பியா]]n offensive towards the city of [[Jowhar]] overruns the [[Islamic Courts Union|Islamic Courts]] stronghold of [[Beledweyne]] during the [[Somali Civil War]].
|-
|[[Battle of Jowhar]] ||27 December ||[[எதியோப்பியா]]n/[[TFG]] armoured offensive hits the ICU stronghold of [[Jowhar]], forcing the Islamists to pull back, and bringing the Ethiopians/Government troops within 90 km of [[மொகடிசு]]. The battle also effectively flanked and threatened to cut off ICU forces still in the Bay region.
|-
| ||28 December || [[எதியோப்பியா]] captures [[fall of Mogadishu|Mogadishu]].
|}

===2007===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Battle !!Date !!Description
|-
|[[Battle of Ras Kamboni]] || 5–12 January ||The [[Transitional Federal Government]] of Somalia, in coalition with Ethiopia and the US, defeats the [[Islamic Courts Union]].
|-
|[[Battle of Najaf (2007)]]|| 28–29 January||Iraqi and Coalition forces defeat the [[Soldiers of Heaven]] cult.
|-
|[[Operation Law and Order]] ||14 February – 24 November ||US troops successfully battle Iraqi insurgents to restore law and order in [[பக்தாத்]].
|-
|[[Battle of Mogadishu (March–April 2007)|Battle of Mogadishu]] ||21 March – 26 April|| Ethiopian, Somalian and Ugandan forces battle the [[Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen|Popular Resistance Movement]] indecisively.
|-
|[[Operation Achilles]] || 6–30 May ||Tactically successful Coalition operation in [[ஆப்கானித்தான்]] to clear the [[Helmand Province]] of [[தாலிபான்]] terrorists.
|-
|[[Battle of Nahr el-Bared]] ||20 May – 7 September ||Armed conflict after [[Fatah al-Islam]], an Islamist militant organization, lays siege to the refugee camp of [[Nahr al-Bared]] for Palestinians in [[லெபனான்]].
|-
|[[Battle of Gaza (2007)]] || 7–15 June ||Hamas defeats the Fatah, and takes over the Gaza Strip.
|-
|[[Battle of Chora]] || 15–19 June ||Coalition forces capture Chora District in Oruzgan Province from the Taliban.
|-
|[[Battle of Musa Qala]] || 7–12 December ||ISAF and Afghan forces capture Musa Qala District in Helmand Province from the Taliban.
|-
|[[Battle of Thoppigala]] ||25 April – 11 June ||Sri Lanka Army captures Toppigala Jungle in Estern Province from the LTTE.
|}

===2008===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Battle !!Date !!Description
|-
|[[Battle of the Forward Defence Lines]] ||2 January – 24 November ||Victorious 2008 SLA Northern Offensive in Sri Lanka
|-
|[[Battle of N'Djamena (2008)|Battle of N'Djamena]] || 2–4 February ||Forces loyal to the President of Chad defeat a rebellion.
|-
|[[Operation Hot Winter]] ||29 February – 3 March ||[[இசுரேலிய பாதுகாப்புப் படைகள்]] campaign in the [[காசா கரை]] in response to [[Qassam rocket]]s fired by [[ஹமாஸ்]].
|-
|[[2008 Mardakert skirmishes]] ||4 March ||Skirmishes between the unrecognized [[Nagorno-Karabakh Republic]] and [[அசர்பைஜான்]], victory undecided.
|-
|[[Battle of Basra (2008)|Battle of Basra]] || 25–31 March ||[[Iraqi Army]] attempt to clear the city of Basra from [[Mahdi Army]] militiamen is successful and the Maliki government forces them to cease activities.
|-
|[[2008 attack on Omdurman and Khartoum]] || 10–12 May ||The [[தார்பூர்]] rebel group [[Justice and Equality Movement]] attack the Sudanese cities of [[Omdurman]] and [[கர்த்தூம்]] unsuccessfully.
|-
|[[2008 Djiboutian-Eritrean border conflict]] || 10–13 June ||Minor skirmishes between [[சீபூத்தீ]] and [[எரித்திரியா]], ending in victory of Djibouti forces.
|-
|[[Battle of Arghandab]] || 18 and 19 June ||NATO led forces launch a successful offensive to clear the Taliban out of Arghandab district and from nearby Kandahar.
|-
|[[Battle of Wanat]] ||13 July ||Significant American casualties among the defending paratroopers leads to American withdrawal following [[தாலிபான்]] early morning attack.
|-
|[[Battle of Tskhinvali]] || 8–10 August ||[[சியார்சியா (நாடு)|Georgian]]s attack the [[தெற்கு ஒசேத்தியா]] city of [[திஸ்கின்வாலி]] ending in withdrawal by the Georgians.
|-
|[[Battle of the Kodori Gorge]] || 9–12 August ||[[சியார்சியா (நாடு)|Georgian]] civilians flee their homes in Upper Abkhazia. Georgian military engages [[Military of Abkhazia|Abkhazian military]] forces unsuccessfully.
|-
|[[Battle of Goma]] ||25 October ||Part of the ongoing 2008 Nord-Kivu war in the [[காங்கோ மக்களாட்சிக் குடியரசு]].
|-
|[[Operation Cast Lead]] ||27 December – 18 January ||Israel launches an air and ground operation to stop [[ஹமாஸ்]] from launching of Qassam and [[BM-21|Grad]] rockets from the Gaza Strip.
|}

===2009===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Battle !!Date !!Description
|-
|[[2009 முல்லைத்தீவுப் போர்|Battle of Mullaitivu]] || 2–25 January ||The Sri Lankan army defeats the Tamil Tigers in a battle over the town of [[முல்லைத்தீவு]].
|-
|[[Battle of Chalai]] || 2–6 February ||Sri Lankan Army battles Tamil Tigers to capture one of the last Sea Tiger naval bases.
|-
|[[Battle of Alasay]] || 14–23 March ||Codename Operation Dinner Out – French and Afghan troops defeat Taliban insurgents in the Alasay Valley.
|-
|[[First and Second Battles of Kakarak]] ||16 March – 12 April ||Two battles of Australian forces against Taliban insurgents, both victorious.
|-
|[[Battle of Aanandapuram]] ||29 March – 5 April || Decisive victory of the Sri Lanka military against the [[தமிழீழ விடுதலைப் புலிகள்]].
|-
|[[Battle of Am Dam]] || 7 and 8 May ||The Chadian Army defeats [[Union of Forces for the Resistance|UFR]] rebels.
|-
|[[Second Battle of Swat]] ||16 May – 15 July ||The [[Pakistani Army]] retakes the town of Mingora from the [[தாலிபான்]], killing many leaders.
|-
|[[Battle of Dahaneh]] || 12–15 August || US, UK and Afghan troops capture the city from Taliban insurgents.
|-
|[[Battle of Kamdesh]] ||3 October || Taliban insurgents attack a US Combat Outpost. They are repulsed, but the outpost is abandoned due to damage.
|-
|[[Battle of Daecheong]] ||10 November || Clash between South and North Korean naval troops at the [[Northern Limit Line]], ending in a victory for the South.
|-
|[[Operation Cobra's Anger]] || 4–7 December ||Successful US-led offensive in Helmand province in southern Afghanistan.
|}

===2010===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Battle !!Date !!Description
|-
|[[Operation Moshtarak]] ||13 February – 7 December ||[[ISAF]] pacification offensive in the area that is described as the "poppy-growing belt" of Helmand Province in southern Afghanistan.
|-
|[[Battle of Mogadishu (2010)|Battle of Mogadishu]] ||10 March – 18 April ||The eighth recognised battle over [[மொகடிசு]] since [[Battle of Mogadishu (1993)|1993]].
|-
|[[Battle of Derapet]] ||24 August ||A combined [[Australian Army]] and [[Afghan National Army]] patrol defeats Taliban forces.
|-
|[[Operation Bulldog Bite]] ||12 November ||Joint U.S. and Afghan counter-insurgent mission in Kunar province, Afghanistan, against Taliban forces.
|}

===2011===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Battle !!Date !!Description
|-
|[[Operation Dawn of Gulf of Aden]] ||16–21 January ||The [[South Korean Navy]] rescues the crew of the hijacked ''[[Samho Jewelry]]'', killing eight [[Somali pirates]].
|-
|[[First Battle of Benghazi]] ||17–20 February ||Libyan rebel forces free the city from Col. Gaddafi's rule – First battle of the [[2011 லிபிய உள்நாட்டுப் போர்]].
|-
|[[Battle of Misrata]] || 18 February – 15 May || After Months of intense fighting, the rebels take full control of the city, supported by NATO aircraft.
|-
|[[First Battle of Zawiya]] || 24 February – 10 March || The city is retaken by Libyan elite soldiers, one of the rebels' commanders is killed.
|-
|[[First Battle of Brega]] || 2 March || pro-Gaddafi troops fail to retake the city from rebel forces.
|-
|[[Battle of Ra's Lanuf]] || 4–12 March || After initial success by the rebel forces, the city is retaken by government troops.
|-
|[[Battle of Bin Jawad]] || 6 March || Gaddafi forces retake the city – the initial Rebel offensive westwards is halted.
|-
|[[Second Battle of Brega]] || 13–15 March || The city is retaken by Gaddafi forces after the defeats at Ra's Lanuf and Bin Jawad.
|-
|[[Battle of Ajdabiya]] || 15–26 March || Initial success by government troops is halted and they are pushed back by rebels, under fire from NATO aircraft.
|-
|[[Second Battle of Benghazi]] || 19–20 March || Loyalist forces fail to recapture Benghazi from the now UN-backed rebels.
|-
|[[Third Battle of Brega]] || 31 March – 7 April || A rebel advance on Brega is repelled with heavy artillery, Pro-Gaddafi forces march on Ajdabiya.
|-
|[[Battle of Brega-Ajdabiya road]] ||8 April – 13 July || Advances on Brega and Ajdabiya by the opposing forces lead to a stagnant frontline in-between the two cities.
|-
|[[Battle of Kandahar (2011)|Battle of Kandahar]] ||7–9 May || The city is besieged by Taliban insurgents, Afghan Police Forces are able to fend them off.
|-
|[[Battle of Sana'a (2011)|Battle of Sana'a]] ||23 May – 7 June || Hashid tribal forces under Sheikh [[Sadiq al-Ahmar]] fight Army troops loyal to president [[அலி அப்துல்லாஹ் சாலிஹ்|Saleh]], resulting in a cease-fire.
|-
|[[Battle of Do Ab]] ||25 May || US and Afghan government troops are ambushed by [[தாலிபான்]] insurgents and kill most of the attackers.
|-
|[[Fourth Battle of Brega]] || 14 July – 22 August || After initial victories of pro-Gaddafi forces, rebels take the city in late August.
|-
|[[Second Battle of Zawiya]] || 13–20 August || Rebel forces capture Zawiya and advance on Tripoli.
|-
|[[Battle of Tripoli (2011)]] || 20–28 August || Tripoli is captured by rebel forces, Gaddafi government collapses.
|-
|[[Battle of Bani Walid]] || 8 September – 17 October || Initially, [[pro-Gaddafi forces]] fend off [[anti-Gaddafi forces]] but on 9 October anti-Gaddafi forces launch a new offensive against the defenders, taking the city by 17 October.
|-
|[[Battle of Sirte (2011)]] || 15 September – 20 October || [[National Liberation Army (Libya)|National Liberation Army]] soldiers attack the last capital of the [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya]] and take it on 20 October. Colonel [[முஅம்மர் அல் கதாஃபி]] also dies this day.
|}



== படங்கள் ==
== படங்கள் ==

11:10, 31 மார்ச்சு 2014 இல் நிலவும் திருத்தம்

பொதுவாக, சண்டை அல்லது சமர் (battle) என்பது, இரண்டு அல்லது அதற்கு மேற்பட்ட ஆயுதப் படைகள், அல்லது போராளிகள் மத்தியில் நடைபெறும் போர் முறை ஆகும். ஒரு சண்டையில், ஒவ்வொரு சண்டை இடுபவரும் ஒரு இராணுவத்தை அல்லது ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட சமூகத்தை சேர்ந்தவர்களாக இருப்பர், அது நாடு, மொழி, இனம், என ஏதாவது ஒரு அடிப்படையில் தீர்மானிக்கப்படுகிறது.

போர்கள், அல்லது இராணுவத் தாக்குதல்கள் பொதுவாக போரியல் மூல உபாயம் மூலம் திட்டமிடப்படுகின்றன. ஆனால், சண்டை அல்லது சமரில் பெரும்பாலும் காயமடைவது அல்லது மரணம் அடைவது நிகழ்கிறது.

சண்டையின் பெயர்கள்

ஜிப்ரால்டர் சண்டை 1607 ஹெண்ட்ரிக் கார்னீலிசு கைவண்ணத்தில்

பொதுவாக, சண்டையில் பெயரிடுவது புவியியல் அமைப்பை சார்ந்து இருக்கும். ஒரு நகரத்தின் பெயர், காடுகள் அல்லது ஆறுகளின் பெயர் இருக்கும், "... சண்டை", என பெயரிடுவது நடைமுறையில் இருந்து வருகிறது. எப்போதாவது சண்டை நடைபெற்ற திகதி அல்லது மாதத்தினையும் பெயரில் சேர்த்துக் கொள்வது வழக்கமாக உள்ளது.

சண்டையின் விளைவுகள்

சண்டையில் பங்கேற்க தனிநபர்கள், லேசான உளவியல் பிரச்சனைகள் முதல் நிரந்தரமான காயங்கள் மற்றும் படுகாயம் அடையும் வாய்ப்புகளும் உண்டு. சண்டையில் உயிர் பிழைத்தவர்கள் வாழ்க்கை கொடுங்கனவுகளை கொண்டிருக்கும். அக்கனவுகள், அவர்கள் சந்தித்த சூழல், அல்லது காட்சிகள் அல்லது ஒலி அசாதாரண எதிர்விளைவுகளை பற்றியே இருக்கும். ஒரு சிலர் மனநல பாதிப்பிற்கும் ஆளாகின்றனர். அது மட்டுமின்றி, சமரில் பெரும்பாலும் காயமடைவது, ஊனமுறுவது, வடு ஏற்படுவது, உடல்ரீதியான செயல்பாடுகளை இழப்பு, கண்பார்வை மங்குதல், பக்கவாதம் அல்லது மரணம் அடைவது நிகழ்கிறது.

21st century

2001

Battle Date Description
Operation Essential Harvest August – November A terrorist group known as the National Liberation Army terrorise the town of Tetovo in present-day Republic of Macedonia. The Macedonian armies are later helped by NATO to disarm the National Liberation Army.
Battle of Mazar-e-Sharif 9 November United States and Northern Alliance forces defeat Taliban forces in the city as part of the U.S. Invasion of Afghanistan.
Battle of Herat 12 November Special Operations Forces of the United States and the ஈரான் assist the Afghan Northern Alliance in seizing Herat from the தாலிபான் amidst a coordinated insurrection and local uprising.
Battle of Kabul 13–14 November Northern Alliance and US forces attack Kabul and capture it from the Taliban.
Battle of Tarin Kowt 13–14 November ஹமித் கர்சாய்'s Eastern Alliance together with US forces defend the town of Tarin Kowt from the Taliban.
Battle of Kandahar 22 November – 7 December A force of local militia under Pashtun military commanders and their American advisers capture the last major city under Taliban control.
Battle of Qala-i-Jangi 25 November – 1 December Northern Alliance fighters, assisted by British and American Special Forces, quell an uprising of foreign Taliban prisoners.
Battle of Tora Bora 12–17 December Coalition and Northern Alliance forces besiege Al-Qaida forces. Presumably, உசாமா பின் லாதின் was present, but escaped.

2002

Battle Date Description
Operation Anaconda 1–19 March The largest land battle between US forces and Taliban militia ends in an unsuccessful US attempt to dislodge the Taliban from their mountain strongholds
Operation Defensive Shield 29 March – 3 May இசுரேல்i operation in the மேற்குக் கரை, aimed to halt Palestinian suicide bombings against civilians in Israel during the Second Intifada, which results in extensive damage to terrorist infrastructure and an important decrease of Palestinian attacks:
Battle of Jenin 3–11 April இசுரேல் defeats Palestinian militants in the city of Jenin.
Battle of Bethlehem 2 April – 10 May இசுரேல் occupies Bethlehem and tries to capture wanted Palestinian militants who are hiding in the Church of the Nativity.
Battle of Nablus 5–8 April இசுரேல் defeats Palestinian militants in the city of Nablus.

2003

Battle Date Description
Battle of Nasiriyah 23–29 March American armored and mechanized units force a crossing over the புராத்து ஆறு, despite stiff resistance from the ஈராக்is.
Battle of Najaf 26 March – 3 April The American 327th Infantry Regiment defeats the Iraqis and takes the city, allowing them to protect vital supply lines for Coalition forces.
Battle of Karbala 27 & 28 March The American 3rd Infantry Division defeats ஈராக்'s elite Republican Guard, resulting in 200 ஈராக்i casualties.
Battle of Baghdad 3–12 April American forces capture the Iraqi capital from Saddam Hussein's forces, causing the downfall of his government.
Battle of Basra 6 April British forces manage to secure the city after a month of some of the fiercest fighting since the outbreak of the war.
Battle of Debecka Pass 6 April The US forces capture a major crossroad near the village of Debecka in Iraq.

2004

Battle Date Description
Battle of Wana 16–23 March Part of the Waziristan War, Pakistani army takes over Taliban positions.
First Battle of Fallujah 4 April – 1 May Also called Operation Vigilant Resolve; US forces attempt to retake Fallujah from the control of Iraqi insurgency, resulting a ceasefire and American withdrawal.
Battle of Najaf 5 April – August Fighting breaks out in a cemetery near the Imam Ali Mosque in Najaf between United States forces and the Mahdi Army of Muqtada al-Sadr.
Operation Rainbow 18–23 May Successful Israeli military operation against ஹமாஸ், Islamic Jihad and the பாலிமரேசு தொடர் வினை.
Operation Days of Penitence 30 September – 16 October Israeli offensive launched into the northern காசா கரை. Israel claims victory after stating its goal of preventing Palestinian militants from firing Qassam rockets into Israeli settlements in Gaza and at the town of Sderot.
Second Battle of Fallujah 7 November – 23 December Also known as Operation Phantom Fury and Operation al-Fajr; Coalition forces recapture rebel-held Fallujah in the largest post-invasion clash so far in the war.

2005

Battle Date Description
Battle of Al Qaim 8–19 May Military offensive conducted by the United States Marine Corps, against insurgent positions in Iraq's northwestern Anbar province, ending with US tactical victory.
Battle of Nalchik 13 October The Yarmuk Jamaat take on Nalchik, கபர்தினோ-பல்கரீயா in Russia. They are defeated by Russian security forces.
Second Battle of Adre 18 December Rally for Democracy and Liberty attack the government garrison at Adre, Chad. The garrison had been forewarned, and defeats their attackers, taking few casualties.

2006

Battle Date Description
Battle of N'Djamena 13 April The Chadian rebel group United Front for Democratic Change attacks the capital city of சாட். The rebels are forced to retreat by the Military of Chad. Chad breaks off relations with சூடான் as a result.
Second Battle of Mogadishu 7 May – 11 July Militia loyal to the Islamic court union defeats the Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism and takes control of the Somali capital மொகடிசு.
Operation Mountain Thrust 15 May- 31 July The largest offensive against the தாலிபான் since 2001 is launched by Coalition forces.
Operation Together Forward 14 June – 24 October The Coalition is unsuccessful in succuring Baghdad and reducing violence.
Operation Summer Rains Since 28 June Israel enters the காசா கரை searching for soldier கிலாத் ஷாலித், who was abducted in a raid.
Zar'it-Shtula incident 12 July A cross-border ஹிஸ்புல்லா raid captures two Israeli soldiers. Israeli troops enters லெபனான் in an unsuccessful attempt to get them back. This ignites the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict.
Battle of Habbaniyah 15 July – December U.S. Marines of the Third Battalion, Second Marine Division, sweep through urban sprawl between Ramadi and Fallujah in a series of operations (i.e. Operations Rubicon and Sidewinder), disrupting flow of அல் காயிதா into both cities, and killng and capturing over 300 insurgents. Action centered around Kilo Company, nicknamed "Voodoo", in the town of Husaybah, on the outskirts of Ramadi, killing 20+ insurgents and capturing/wounding 137, while losing only 4 Marines KIA, 17 WIA. The battalion lost 14 Marines KIA, 50+ WIA.
Battle of Bint Jbail 24 July – 11 August Israel retreats after attempting to take the town of Bint Jbail in Lebanon, regarding it as a "Hezbollah stronghold".
Battle of Ayta ash-Shab 31 July – 11 August Israel engages in a firefight with Hezbollas in the Lebanese town of Ayta ash-Shab.
Operation Sharp and Smooth 1 & 2 August An Israeli airborne operation captures five Lebenese civilians and kills what it claims to be Hezbolla members.
2006 Tyre raid 4 August Israel successfully raids Tyre to attack Hezbollah members based there.
2006 Litani offensive 11–14 August Israel launches the final offensive in the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict to clear Southern Lebanon of as many Hezbolla militants as possible before the ceasefire takes effect. The battle and war end with United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701.
Operation Medusa 2–17 September Coalition troops attacks the Taliban insurgency, securing a tactical victory.
Operation Mountain Fury 09/16/06 – 01/15/07 Coalition forces launch a successful follow up to Operation Medusa in an attempt to clear eastern Afghanistan of the Taliban.
Battle of Baidoa 20–26 December ICU militia battle the Somali Transitional Federal Government. எதியோப்பியாn and TFG troops successfully defend and counterattack against the ICU taking the ICU base cities of Dinsoor and Bur Hakaba.
Battle of Bandiradley 23–25 December எதியோப்பியாn/புன்ட்லாந்து offensive in Bandiradley, சோமாலியா pushes the Islamic Courts out of the city and opens up a northern front in the Somali Civil War.
Battle of Beledweyne 24–25 December எதியோப்பியாn offensive towards the city of Jowhar overruns the Islamic Courts stronghold of Beledweyne during the Somali Civil War.
Battle of Jowhar 27 December எதியோப்பியாn/TFG armoured offensive hits the ICU stronghold of Jowhar, forcing the Islamists to pull back, and bringing the Ethiopians/Government troops within 90 km of மொகடிசு. The battle also effectively flanked and threatened to cut off ICU forces still in the Bay region.
28 December எதியோப்பியா captures Mogadishu.

2007

Battle Date Description
Battle of Ras Kamboni 5–12 January The Transitional Federal Government of Somalia, in coalition with Ethiopia and the US, defeats the Islamic Courts Union.
Battle of Najaf (2007) 28–29 January Iraqi and Coalition forces defeat the Soldiers of Heaven cult.
Operation Law and Order 14 February – 24 November US troops successfully battle Iraqi insurgents to restore law and order in பக்தாத்.
Battle of Mogadishu 21 March – 26 April Ethiopian, Somalian and Ugandan forces battle the Popular Resistance Movement indecisively.
Operation Achilles 6–30 May Tactically successful Coalition operation in ஆப்கானித்தான் to clear the Helmand Province of தாலிபான் terrorists.
Battle of Nahr el-Bared 20 May – 7 September Armed conflict after Fatah al-Islam, an Islamist militant organization, lays siege to the refugee camp of Nahr al-Bared for Palestinians in லெபனான்.
Battle of Gaza (2007) 7–15 June Hamas defeats the Fatah, and takes over the Gaza Strip.
Battle of Chora 15–19 June Coalition forces capture Chora District in Oruzgan Province from the Taliban.
Battle of Musa Qala 7–12 December ISAF and Afghan forces capture Musa Qala District in Helmand Province from the Taliban.
Battle of Thoppigala 25 April – 11 June Sri Lanka Army captures Toppigala Jungle in Estern Province from the LTTE.

2008

Battle Date Description
Battle of the Forward Defence Lines 2 January – 24 November Victorious 2008 SLA Northern Offensive in Sri Lanka
Battle of N'Djamena 2–4 February Forces loyal to the President of Chad defeat a rebellion.
Operation Hot Winter 29 February – 3 March இசுரேலிய பாதுகாப்புப் படைகள் campaign in the காசா கரை in response to Qassam rockets fired by ஹமாஸ்.
2008 Mardakert skirmishes 4 March Skirmishes between the unrecognized Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and அசர்பைஜான், victory undecided.
Battle of Basra 25–31 March Iraqi Army attempt to clear the city of Basra from Mahdi Army militiamen is successful and the Maliki government forces them to cease activities.
2008 attack on Omdurman and Khartoum 10–12 May The தார்பூர் rebel group Justice and Equality Movement attack the Sudanese cities of Omdurman and கர்த்தூம் unsuccessfully.
2008 Djiboutian-Eritrean border conflict 10–13 June Minor skirmishes between சீபூத்தீ and எரித்திரியா, ending in victory of Djibouti forces.
Battle of Arghandab 18 and 19 June NATO led forces launch a successful offensive to clear the Taliban out of Arghandab district and from nearby Kandahar.
Battle of Wanat 13 July Significant American casualties among the defending paratroopers leads to American withdrawal following தாலிபான் early morning attack.
Battle of Tskhinvali 8–10 August Georgians attack the தெற்கு ஒசேத்தியா city of திஸ்கின்வாலி ending in withdrawal by the Georgians.
Battle of the Kodori Gorge 9–12 August Georgian civilians flee their homes in Upper Abkhazia. Georgian military engages Abkhazian military forces unsuccessfully.
Battle of Goma 25 October Part of the ongoing 2008 Nord-Kivu war in the காங்கோ மக்களாட்சிக் குடியரசு.
Operation Cast Lead 27 December – 18 January Israel launches an air and ground operation to stop ஹமாஸ் from launching of Qassam and Grad rockets from the Gaza Strip.

2009

Battle Date Description
Battle of Mullaitivu 2–25 January The Sri Lankan army defeats the Tamil Tigers in a battle over the town of முல்லைத்தீவு.
Battle of Chalai 2–6 February Sri Lankan Army battles Tamil Tigers to capture one of the last Sea Tiger naval bases.
Battle of Alasay 14–23 March Codename Operation Dinner Out – French and Afghan troops defeat Taliban insurgents in the Alasay Valley.
First and Second Battles of Kakarak 16 March – 12 April Two battles of Australian forces against Taliban insurgents, both victorious.
Battle of Aanandapuram 29 March – 5 April Decisive victory of the Sri Lanka military against the தமிழீழ விடுதலைப் புலிகள்.
Battle of Am Dam 7 and 8 May The Chadian Army defeats UFR rebels.
Second Battle of Swat 16 May – 15 July The Pakistani Army retakes the town of Mingora from the தாலிபான், killing many leaders.
Battle of Dahaneh 12–15 August US, UK and Afghan troops capture the city from Taliban insurgents.
Battle of Kamdesh 3 October Taliban insurgents attack a US Combat Outpost. They are repulsed, but the outpost is abandoned due to damage.
Battle of Daecheong 10 November Clash between South and North Korean naval troops at the Northern Limit Line, ending in a victory for the South.
Operation Cobra's Anger 4–7 December Successful US-led offensive in Helmand province in southern Afghanistan.

2010

Battle Date Description
Operation Moshtarak 13 February – 7 December ISAF pacification offensive in the area that is described as the "poppy-growing belt" of Helmand Province in southern Afghanistan.
Battle of Mogadishu 10 March – 18 April The eighth recognised battle over மொகடிசு since 1993.
Battle of Derapet 24 August A combined Australian Army and Afghan National Army patrol defeats Taliban forces.
Operation Bulldog Bite 12 November Joint U.S. and Afghan counter-insurgent mission in Kunar province, Afghanistan, against Taliban forces.

2011

Battle Date Description
Operation Dawn of Gulf of Aden 16–21 January The South Korean Navy rescues the crew of the hijacked Samho Jewelry, killing eight Somali pirates.
First Battle of Benghazi 17–20 February Libyan rebel forces free the city from Col. Gaddafi's rule – First battle of the 2011 லிபிய உள்நாட்டுப் போர்.
Battle of Misrata 18 February – 15 May After Months of intense fighting, the rebels take full control of the city, supported by NATO aircraft.
First Battle of Zawiya 24 February – 10 March The city is retaken by Libyan elite soldiers, one of the rebels' commanders is killed.
First Battle of Brega 2 March pro-Gaddafi troops fail to retake the city from rebel forces.
Battle of Ra's Lanuf 4–12 March After initial success by the rebel forces, the city is retaken by government troops.
Battle of Bin Jawad 6 March Gaddafi forces retake the city – the initial Rebel offensive westwards is halted.
Second Battle of Brega 13–15 March The city is retaken by Gaddafi forces after the defeats at Ra's Lanuf and Bin Jawad.
Battle of Ajdabiya 15–26 March Initial success by government troops is halted and they are pushed back by rebels, under fire from NATO aircraft.
Second Battle of Benghazi 19–20 March Loyalist forces fail to recapture Benghazi from the now UN-backed rebels.
Third Battle of Brega 31 March – 7 April A rebel advance on Brega is repelled with heavy artillery, Pro-Gaddafi forces march on Ajdabiya.
Battle of Brega-Ajdabiya road 8 April – 13 July Advances on Brega and Ajdabiya by the opposing forces lead to a stagnant frontline in-between the two cities.
Battle of Kandahar 7–9 May The city is besieged by Taliban insurgents, Afghan Police Forces are able to fend them off.
Battle of Sana'a 23 May – 7 June Hashid tribal forces under Sheikh Sadiq al-Ahmar fight Army troops loyal to president Saleh, resulting in a cease-fire.
Battle of Do Ab 25 May US and Afghan government troops are ambushed by தாலிபான் insurgents and kill most of the attackers.
Fourth Battle of Brega 14 July – 22 August After initial victories of pro-Gaddafi forces, rebels take the city in late August.
Second Battle of Zawiya 13–20 August Rebel forces capture Zawiya and advance on Tripoli.
Battle of Tripoli (2011) 20–28 August Tripoli is captured by rebel forces, Gaddafi government collapses.
Battle of Bani Walid 8 September – 17 October Initially, pro-Gaddafi forces fend off anti-Gaddafi forces but on 9 October anti-Gaddafi forces launch a new offensive against the defenders, taking the city by 17 October.
Battle of Sirte (2011) 15 September – 20 October National Liberation Army soldiers attack the last capital of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and take it on 20 October. Colonel முஅம்மர் அல் கதாஃபி also dies this day.


படங்கள்

இவற்றையும் பார்க்க

மேலும் படிக்க

  • க்ளாட்ஸ், டேவிட் எம். மற்றும் வுயூனோ, கார்ல் ஈ (1991) சோவியத் இராணுவ நடவடிக்கையின் கலை: ஆழமான போரில் நோக்கத்தில். டெய்லர் & பிரான்சிஸ். ஐஎஸ்பிஎன் 0714640778. (ஆங்கில மொழியில்)
  • கீகன், ஜான் (1976). போர் முகம். பிம்லிகோ. ஐஎஸ்பிஎன் 1844137481. (ஆங்கில மொழியில்) nangal mattum
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