ஊடுபாலினம்

வெளி ஒளிதங்கள்
	" What It's Like To Be Intersex", Lizz Warner, BuzzFeed

ஊடுபாலினம் (Intersex) ஊடுபாலியல் சார்ந்த மக்கள் என்பவர் பிறப்பில் நிலவும் அனைத்து பாலியல் பான்மை வேறுபாடுகளில் ஏதாவது ஒன்றை/ பலவற்றைத் தழுவிய ஆண், பெண் உடலோடு பொருந்தாத பிறப்பு வேறுபாடமைந்த தனியர்கள் ஆவர். இந்த பாலியல் வேறுபாடுகளில் குறுமவகங்கள், பாலாக்கிகள், பால்சுரப்புகள், பால் உறுப்புகள் ஆகியன அடங்கும்.^[1]^[2] இந்த வேறுபாடுகளில் பாலுறுப்பு மய்க்கமோ குறுமவகப் புறத்தோற்றவகைச் சேர்மானங்களோ அமையலாம்; ஆனால், இயல்பான XY-ஆண், XX-பெண் சேர்மானங்கள் அமையமாட்டா.^[3]^[4]

மேலும் காண்க

மூன்றாம் பாலினம்

மேற்கோள்கள்

குறிப்புகள்

↑ UN Committee against Torture; UN Committee on the Rights of the Child; UN Committee on the Rights of People with Disabilities; UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; Juan Méndez, Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; Dainius Pῡras Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health; Dubravka Šimonoviæ, Special Rapporteur on violence against women its causes and consequences; Marta Santos Pais, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General on Violence against Children; African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights; Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights; Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (October 24, 2016), "Intersex Awareness Day – Wednesday 26 October. End violence and harmful medical practices on intersex children and adults, UN and regional experts urge", Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
↑ "Free & Equal Campaign Fact Sheet: Intersex" (PDF). United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 மார்ச் 2016. Retrieved 28 மார்ச் 2016.
↑ Money, John; Ehrhardt, Anke A. (1972). Man & Woman Boy & Girl. Differentiation and dimorphism of gender identity from conception to maturity. USA: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-1405-1.
↑ Domurat Dreger, Alice (2001). Hermaphrodites and the Medical Invention of Sex. USA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-00189-3.

நூல்தொகை

Asia Pacific Forum of National Human Rights Institutions (June 2016). Promoting and Protecting Human Rights in relation to Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Sex Characteristics. ISBN 978-0-9942513-7-4.
Blackless, Melanie; Charuvastra, Anthony; Derryck, Amanda; Fausto-Sterling, Anne; Lauzanne, Karl; Lee, Ellen (2000). "How sexually dimorphic are we? Review and synthesis". Am J Hum Biol 12 (2): 151–166. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6300(200003/04)12:2<151::AID-AJHB1>3.0.CO;2-F. பப்மெட்:11534012.
Council of Europe; Commissioner for Human Rights (April 2015), Human rights and intersex people, Issue Paper
Davis, Georgiann (2015). Contesting Intersex, The Dubious Diagnosis. New York. ISBN 978-1-4798-3786-1. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Elders, M Joycelyn; Satcher, David; Carmona, Richard (June 2017). "Re-Thinking Genital Surgeries on Intersex Infants" (PDF). Palm Center.
Fausto-Sterling, Anne (2000). Sexing the Body: Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-07714-4.
Ghattas, Dan Christian; Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung (2013). Human Rights between the Sexes: A preliminary study on the life situations of inter*individuals. Berlin: Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung. ISBN 978-3-86928-107-0.
Holmes, Morgan, ed. (2009). Critical intersex. Queer interventions. Burlington, VT. ISBN 978-0-7546-7311-8. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |editorlink= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Hughes, I A; Houk, C; Ahmed, S F; Lee, P A; LWPES1/ESPE2 Consensus Group (June 2005). "Consensus statement on management of intersex disorders". Archives of Disease in Childhood 91 (7): 554–563. doi:10.1136/adc.2006.098319. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:0003-9888. பப்மெட்:16624884.
Human Rights Commission of the City and County of San Francisco; de María Arana, Marcus (2005). A Human Rights Investigation Into The Medical "Normalization" Of Intersex People. San Francisco.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Human Rights Watch; interACT (July 2017). I Want to Be Like Nature Made Me. ISBN 978-1-62313-502-7.
Jones, Tiffany; Hart, Bonnie; Carpenter, Morgan; Ansara, Gavi; Leonard, William; Lucke, Jayne (2016). Intersex: Stories and Statistics from Australia (PDF). Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers. ISBN 978-1-78374-208-0. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 May 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
Jones, Tiffany (2018). "Intersex Studies: A Systematic Review of International Health Literature". Sage Open 2018 (1): 1–22. doi:10.1177/2158244017745577.
Karkazis, Katrina (2008). Fixing Sex: Intersex, Medical Authority, and Lived Experience. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-4318-9.
Lee, Peter A.; Nordenström, Anna; Houk, Christopher P.; Ahmed, S. Faisal; Auchus, Richard; Baratz, Arlene; Baratz Dalke, Katharine; Liao, Lih-Mei et al. (2016-01-28). "Global Disorders of Sex Development Update since 2006: Perceptions, Approach and Care". Hormone Research in Paediatrics 85 (3): 158–180. doi:10.1159/000442975. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:1663-2818. பப்மெட்:26820577.
National Advisory Commission on Biomedical Ethics, Switzerland (நவம்பர் 2012). On the management of differences of sex development. Ethical issues relating to "intersexuality".Opinion No. 20/2012 (PDF). 2012. Berne. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 ஏப்ரல் 2015. Retrieved 20 அக்டோபர் 2018. {{cite book}}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Organisation Intersex International Australia; Carpenter, Morgan (April 2014). "Submission on the Review of Part B of the Ethical Guidelines for the Use of Assisted Reproductive Technology in Clinical Practice and Research, 2007". Sydney.
Regmi, Esan (2016). Stories of Intersex People from Nepal. Kathmandu.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Senate of Australia; Community Affairs References Committee (2013). Involuntary or coerced sterilisation of intersex people in Australia. Canberra. ISBN 978-1-74229-917-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Tamar-Mattis, Anne (2014). "Medical Treatment of People with Intersex Conditions as Torture and Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment". In Center for Human Rights & Humanitarian Law; Washington College of Law (eds.). Torture in Healthcare Settings: Reflections on the Special Rapporteur on Torture's 2013 Thematic Report. Washington, DC. pp. 91–104. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (2015). "Free & Equal Campaign Fact Sheet: Intersex" (PDF).
UN Committee against Torture; UN Committee on the Rights of the Child; UN Committee on the Rights of People with Disabilities; UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; Juan Méndez; Dainius Pῡras; Dubravka Šimonoviæ; Marta Santos Pais; African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights; Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights; Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (24 October 2016), "Intersex Awareness Day – Wednesday 26 October. End violence and harmful medical practices on intersex children and adults, UN and regional experts urge", Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
World Health Organization; OHCHR; UN Women; UNAIDS; UNDP; UNFPA; UNICEF (2014). Eliminating forced, coercive and otherwise involuntary sterilization, An interagency statement (PDF). ISBN 978-92-4-150732-5.
Zwischengeschlecht (March 2014). "IGM – Historical Overview. Hermaphrodites in the 'Developed World': From Legal Self-Determination to IGM, Supplement 1" (PDF). NGO Report to the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Periodic Report of Switzerland on the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) (2 ed.). pp. 49–62.

வெளி இணைப்புகள்

பொதுவகத்தில் Intersex தொடர்பாக ஊடகக் கோப்புகள் உள்ளன.

[un-2016-1] UN Committee against Torture; UN Committee on the Rights of the Child; UN Committee on the Rights of People with Disabilities; UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; Juan Méndez, Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; Dainius Pῡras Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health; Dubravka Šimonoviæ, Special Rapporteur on violence against women its causes and consequences; Marta Santos Pais, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General on Violence against Children; African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights; Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights; Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (October 24, 2016), "Intersex Awareness Day – Wednesday 26 October. End violence and harmful medical practices on intersex children and adults, UN and regional experts urge", Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights

[unfe-fact-2] "Free & Equal Campaign Fact Sheet: Intersex" (PDF). United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 மார்ச் 2016. Retrieved 28 மார்ச் 2016.

[Money-3] Money, John; Ehrhardt, Anke A. (1972). Man & Woman Boy & Girl. Differentiation and dimorphism of gender identity from conception to maturity. USA: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-1405-1.

[Dreger-4] Domurat Dreger, Alice (2001). Hermaphrodites and the Medical Invention of Sex. USA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-00189-3.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]