உதவி:IPA/Norwegian
< உதவி:IPA
 | This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Norwegian on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Norwegian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or its value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. |
The chart below shows how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents நோர்வே மொழி pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-no}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
The accent that has been used here as a model is Urban East Norwegian, which is an unofficial pronunciation standard of பூக்மோல் மொழி that is spoken in the Oslo region and most commonly taught to foreigners.
See also Norwegian phonology and Norwegian orthography § Sound to spelling correspondences for more details about pronunciation of Norwegian.
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குறிப்புகள்
[தொகு]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 In many of the dialects that have an apical rhotic consonant, a recursive புணர்ச்சி (இலக்கணம்) process of retroflexion occurs, and clusters of /r/ and dental consonants /rd/, /rl/, /rn/, /rs/, /rt/ produce retroflex consonant realizations: [ɖ], [ɭ], [ɳ], [ʂ], [ʈ]. In dialects with a guttural R [ʁ], such as Southern and Western Norwegian dialects, they are [ʁd], [ʁl], [ʁn], [ʁs], [ʁt].
- ↑ /r/ varies considerably in different dialects: it is alveolar (tapped or trilled) in some dialects and uvular in others.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Before /r/, the quality of non-high front vowels is changed: /eː/ and /ɛ/ lower to [æː] and [æ].
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 [ɔ, oː, œ, øː, ʏ, yː, ɔʏ, œʏ] are இதழமைவுநிலைs, while [ʉ, ʉː, ʊ, uː] (including the [ʉ] element in [æʉ] and [ʉɪ]) are compressed.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 The distinction between compressed [[[Error using {{IPAsym}}: IPA symbol "ʏ͍" not found in list|ʉ]]] and protruded [[[Error using {{IPAsym}}: IPA symbol "ʏ̫" not found in list|y]]] is particularly difficult to hear for non-native speakers:
- Norwegian compressed [ʉ] sounds very close to German compressed [[[Error using {{IPAsym}}: IPA symbol "ʏ͍" not found in list|ʏ]]] (as in müssen [ˈmʏsn̩] ).
- Norwegian protruded [[[Error using {{IPAsym}}: IPA symbol "ʏ̫" not found in list|ʏ]]] sounds more similar to English unrounded [ɪ] (as in hit) than to German compressed [[[Error using {{IPAsym}}: IPA symbol "ʏ͍" not found in list|ʏ]]], and it is very close to Swedish protruded [[[Error using {{IPAsym}}: IPA symbol "ʏ̫" not found in list|ʏ]]] (as in syll [sʏlː] ).
- Norwegian compressed [[[Error using {{IPAsym}}: IPA symbol "y͍" not found in list|ʉː]]] sounds very close to German compressed [[[Error using {{IPAsym}}: IPA symbol "y͍" not found in list|yː]]] (as in üben [ˈyːbn̩] ).
- Norwegian protruded [[[Error using {{IPAsym}}: IPA symbol "y̫" not found in list|yː]]] sounds more similar to English unrounded [iː] (as in leave) than to German compressed [[[Error using {{IPAsym}}: IPA symbol "y͍" not found in list|yː]]], and it is very close to Swedish protruded [[[Error using {{IPAsym}}: IPA symbol "y̫" not found in list|yː]]] (as in syl [syːl] ).
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 [ɑɪ, ɛɪ, ɔʏ] appear only in loanwords. [ɛɪ] is used only by some younger speakers, who contrast it with [æɪ]; speakers who do not have [ɛɪ] in their diphthong inventory replace it with [æɪ] ((Kristoffersen 2000, ப. 19)).
- ↑ [ʉɪ] appears only in the word hui ((Kristoffersen 2000, ப. 19)).
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Some accents have a simple primary stress rather than a contrastive pitch accent. In those accents, bønder (meaning 'farmers') and bønner (meaning 'beans') are pronounced exactly the same.
மேற்கோள்கள்
[தொகு]- Berulfsen, Bjarne (1969), Norsk Uttaleordbok (in Norwegian), Oslo: H. Aschehoug & Co (W Nygaard)
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Kristoffersen, Gjert (2000), The Phonology of Norwegian, Oxford University Press, பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 978-0-19-823765-5
- Kvifte, Bjørn; Gude-Husken, Verena (2005) [First published 1997], Praktische Grammatik der norwegischen Sprache (3rd ed.), Gottfried Egert Verlag, பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 3-926972-54-8
- Skaug, Ingebjørg (2003) [First published 1996], Norsk språklydlære med øvelser (in Norwegian) (3rd ed.), Oslo: Cappelen Akademisk Forlag AS, பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 82-456-0178-0
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Vanvik, Arne (1979), Norsk fonetikk (in Norwegian), Oslo: Universitetet i Oslo, பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 82-990584-0-6
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Vanvik, Arne (1985), Norsk Uttaleordbok: A Norwegian pronouncing dictionary, Oslo: Fonetisk institutt, Universitetet i Oslo, பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 978-8299058414
வெளி இணைப்புகள்
[தொகு]- "Lexin". Uni Research Computing.
- "Nordavinden og sola: Opptak og transkripsjoner av norske dialekter" (in Norwegian). Trondheim: Institutt for språk- og kommunikasjonsstudier, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet.
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