கன்வா யுத்தம்

கன்வா யுத்தம் (Battle of Khanwa) என்பது மார்ச் 16, 1527 அன்று கன்வா என்ற இடத்தில் நடைபெற்ற யுத்தமாகும். இது பாபுரின் படையெடுத்து வந்த தைமூரிய படைகளுக்கும், இராணா சங்கா தலைமையிலான இராசபுத்திர கூட்டமைப்புக்கும் இடையில் வட இந்தியாவின் உச்ச நிலைக்காக நடைபெற்றது. நடுக் கால இந்திய வரலாற்றில் ஒரு முக்கியமான நிகழ்வாக இந்த யுத்தம் கருதப்படுகிறது. தைமூரியர்கள் பானிபட் என்ற இடத்தில் அந்நேரத்தில் வெற்றி பெற்றிருந்தாலும், தில்லி சுல்தானகமானது நீண்ட காலமாக சிதைவுற்றுக் கொண்டிருந்த ஓர் அரசாக இருந்தது. மாறாக, இராணா சங்காவின் திறமையான ஆட்சியின் கீழ் மேவார் இராச்சியமானது வட இந்தியாவின் வலிமையான சக்திகளில் ஒன்றாக மாறியிருந்தது. வட இந்தியாவை முகலாயர்கள் வெற்றி கொண்டதில் மிகவும் தீர்க்கமான யுத்தங்களில் ஒன்றாக இந்த யுத்தம் கருதப்படுகிறது.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

வட இந்தியாவில் வெடி மருந்தானது பெருமளவுக்கு பயன்படுத்தப்பட்ட தொடக்க கால யுத்தங்களில் இதுவும் ஒன்றாகும். தைமூரியர்கள் மற்றும் இராசபுத்திரர்கள் ஆகிய இருவருக்குமே கடுமையான உயிரிழப்புகள் இந்த யுத்தம் காரணமாக ஏற்பட்டன.^[7]

மேலும் காண்க[தொகு]

பானிபட் போர் (1526)

குறிப்புகள்[தொகு]

மேற்கோள்கள்[தொகு]

↑ V.S Bhatnagar (1974) (in en). Life and Times of Sawai Jai Singh, 1688–1743. Impex India. பக். 6. https://books.google.com/books?id=plFuAAAAMAAJ. "From 1326, Mewar's grand recovery commenced under Lakha, and later under Kumbha and most notably under Sanga, till it became one of the greatest powers in northern India during the first quarter of sixteenth century"
↑ (in en) An Advanced History of India. By R.C. Majumdar ... H.C. Raychaudhuri ... Kalikinkar Datta. (Second Edition.).. Macmillan & Company. 1950. பக். 419. https://books.google.com/books?id=MyIWMwEACAAJ. ""The battle of khanua was one of the most decisive battles in Indian history certainly more than that of Panipat as Lodhi empire was already crumbling and Mewar had emerged as major power in northern India. Thus, Its at Khanua the fate of India was sealed for next two centuries""
↑ Radheyshyam Chaurasia (2002) (in en). History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D.. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. பக். 161. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண்:978-81-269-0123-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=8XnaL7zPXPUC. ""The battle of Kanwaha was more important in its result even than the first battle of Panipat. While the former made Babur ruler of Delhi alone the later made him King of Hindustan. As a result of his success the Mughal empire was established firmly in India. The sovereignty of India now passed from Rajputs to Mughals""
↑ Wink 2012, ப. 27: "The victory of Mughals at khanua can be seen as a landmark event in Mughal conquest of North India as the battle turned out to be more historic and eventful than one fought near Panipat. It made Babur undisputed master of North India while smashing Rajput powers. After the victory at khanua, the centre of Mughal power became Agra instead of Kabul and continue to remain till downfall of the Empire after Aalamgir's death."
↑ Giles Tillotson (1991) (in en). Mughal India. Penguin Books. பக். 4. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண்:978-0-14-011854-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=ApDrAAAAMAAJ. "He was immediately challenged by assembled Rajput forces under Rana Sanga of Chittor who was reckoned by Babur as one of the two greatest Hindu rulers. It was only after this he met and defeat this second and greater force at the Battle of Khanua 1527, Mugh rule established in Indian contigent"
↑ Pradeep Barua (2005) (in en). The State at War in South Asia. University of Nebraska Press. பக். 34. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண்:978-0-8032-1344-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=BBhuAAAAMAAJ. "The battle of Khanwa bear more military significance for medieval India than does the Battle of Panipat. Unlike the ill organized force thrown up by Ibrahim Lodhi to confront Babur, Rana Sangha created a formidable military force"
↑ Ram Sharan Sharma (1999) (in en). Mughal Empire in India: A Systematic Study Including Source Material. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. பக். 46. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண்:978-81-7156-818-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=1wC27JDyApwC. "Results: The victory of Babur, was nevertheless final and complete. 'Hardly a clan of the Rajputs was there but had lost the flower of its princely blood'. The consequences of the battle of Khanwa were most momentous. (i) The menace of the Rajput supremacy, which had loomed large before the eyes of the Muhammadans in India for the last ten years, was removed once for all"

[1] V.S Bhatnagar (1974) (in en). Life and Times of Sawai Jai Singh, 1688–1743. Impex India. பக். 6. https://books.google.com/books?id=plFuAAAAMAAJ. "From 1326, Mewar's grand recovery commenced under Lakha, and later under Kumbha and most notably under Sanga, till it became one of the greatest powers in northern India during the first quarter of sixteenth century"

[2] (in en) An Advanced History of India. By R.C. Majumdar ... H.C. Raychaudhuri ... Kalikinkar Datta. (Second Edition.).. Macmillan & Company. 1950. பக். 419. https://books.google.com/books?id=MyIWMwEACAAJ. ""The battle of khanua was one of the most decisive battles in Indian history certainly more than that of Panipat as Lodhi empire was already crumbling and Mewar had emerged as major power in northern India. Thus, Its at Khanua the fate of India was sealed for next two centuries""

[3] Radheyshyam Chaurasia (2002) (in en). History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D.. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. பக். 161. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண்:978-81-269-0123-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=8XnaL7zPXPUC. ""The battle of Kanwaha was more important in its result even than the first battle of Panipat. While the former made Babur ruler of Delhi alone the later made him King of Hindustan. As a result of his success the Mughal empire was established firmly in India. The sovereignty of India now passed from Rajputs to Mughals""

[FOOTNOTEWink201227-4] Wink 2012, ப. 27: "The victory of Mughals at khanua can be seen as a landmark event in Mughal conquest of North India as the battle turned out to be more historic and eventful than one fought near Panipat. It made Babur undisputed master of North India while smashing Rajput powers. After the victory at khanua, the centre of Mughal power became Agra instead of Kabul and continue to remain till downfall of the Empire after Aalamgir's death."

[5] Giles Tillotson (1991) (in en). Mughal India. Penguin Books. பக். 4. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண்:978-0-14-011854-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=ApDrAAAAMAAJ. "He was immediately challenged by assembled Rajput forces under Rana Sanga of Chittor who was reckoned by Babur as one of the two greatest Hindu rulers. It was only after this he met and defeat this second and greater force at the Battle of Khanua 1527, Mugh rule established in Indian contigent"

[6] Pradeep Barua (2005) (in en). The State at War in South Asia. University of Nebraska Press. பக். 34. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண்:978-0-8032-1344-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=BBhuAAAAMAAJ. "The battle of Khanwa bear more military significance for medieval India than does the Battle of Panipat. Unlike the ill organized force thrown up by Ibrahim Lodhi to confront Babur, Rana Sangha created a formidable military force"

[7] Ram Sharan Sharma (1999) (in en). Mughal Empire in India: A Systematic Study Including Source Material. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. பக். 46. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண்:978-81-7156-818-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=1wC27JDyApwC. "Results: The victory of Babur, was nevertheless final and complete. 'Hardly a clan of the Rajputs was there but had lost the flower of its princely blood'. The consequences of the battle of Khanwa were most momentous. (i) The menace of the Rajput supremacy, which had loomed large before the eyes of the Muhammadans in India for the last ten years, was removed once for all"

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