# பயனர்:செல்வா/மேற்கோள்கள்

இப்பக்கத்தில் கணிதவியல் மற்றும் அறிவியல் இலக்கியங்கள் ஐரோப்பிய மொழிகளிலும், குறிப்பாக ஆங்கிலத்திலும் எவ்வாறு, எப்பொழுது, எவ்வளவில் தோன்றி வளர்ந்தன என நாம் அறிய உதவும் குறிப்புகளை, எழுத்துரிமம் மீறாதவாறு ஆய்வாளர்கள், நூலாசிரியர்கள் எழுதியவற்றை மேற்கோள்களாக இங்கு சிறிதளவேனும் தொகுக்க எண்ணியுள்ளேன்.

## ஐரோப்பிய மொழிகளில் கணிதவியல் இலக்கியம் பற்றிய வரலாற்றுக் குறிப்புகள்

1)

Chandler, Bruce (1931-) and Magnus, Wilhelm (1907-), “The History of combinatorial Group Theory: A case study in the history of ideas”. Springer Verlag, New York, Heidelberg Berlin, 1982 (ISBN 3-540-90749-1 New York) , (ISBN 0-387-90749-1 Heidelberg Berlin), Call No. QA 171.C447 1982 // 512 512’.22 // 82-10471

Page 62:
“Language barriers do not seem to have played any role, at least not for the research mathematician. The use of Latin as the language of scholars had died out in the middle of Nineteenth Century, even in German, where C.F. GAUSS and K.G. J. JACOBI were probably the last of the prominent mathematicians to use it. But it was still a universally known language among scholars, and the older literature was therefore still accessible. However, the overwhelming majority of mathematical papers used one of the four languages admitted in international congresses, namely, English, French, German and Italian. Judging from the abundance of the references in the literature to papers not written in the language of the author but in one of these four languages, they seem to have been understood everywhere at least when used in mathematical publications. This remark refers to active scholars. For students, the situation may have been different,. In his monograph , BURNSIDE [1911, p. 506] notes with regret that there existed at that time no English textbook on algebraic number theory. He mentions HILBERT’s Zahlbeicht (HILBERT, [1897]) as a source and adds that this work had been translated into French. Of the four languages mentioned above, this was certainly the one most widely known. As an illustration we may note the fact that numerous passages of conversations in French which appear in some TOLSTOY’s novels were left untranslated in German editions. “
இந்நூலாசிரியரில் ஒருவர் மா'க்ன˘ச் (Magnus), புகழ்பெற்ற 'டேன் (Dehn) இன் மாணவர்.
(செல்வா டிசம்பர் 16, 2008)

2)

Chandler, Bruce (1931-) and Magnus, Wilhelm (1907-), “The History of combinatorial Group Theory: A case study in the history of ideas”. Springer Verlag, New York, Heidelberg Berlin, 1982 (ISBN 3-540-90749-1 New York) , (ISBN 0-387-90749-1 Heidelberg Berlin), Call No. QA 171.C447 1982 // 512 512’.22 // 82-10471

Preface:
"The literature, although not small (comprising about 5000 papers) was surveyed in 1939 by WILHELM MAGNUS and in 1974 by GILBERT BAUMSLAG. Nearly the entire body of research in the field is due to mathematicians who either are still alive or who were the teachers or senior colleages of living mathematicians. This makes it possible to supplement the written tradition with oral information which is particulaly valuable when dealing with questions of motivation for a particaular investigastion or the transfer of ideas."
--செல்வா 17:08, 16 டிசம்பர் 2008 (UTC)

3)
Van der Waerden, B.L.(1903-), "A History of Algebra - From al-Khwarizmi to Emmy Noether", Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York-Tokyo, 1985//ISBN: 0-387-13610-X(U.S.)//QA151.W343 1985//512'009//85-2820
page 177:"As we have seen in Chapter 2, Cardano was the first to introduce complex numbers like ${\displaystyle 5+{\sqrt {-15}}\,}$ and ${\displaystyle 5-{\sqrt {-15}}\,}$ as solutions of his problems: To divide 10 into two parts, the produce of which is 40. However, the introduction of these mysterious numbers caused him "mental torture".
page 55:"Early in 1539, antoher actor entered the scene: Gerolamo Cardano, a famous medical doctor, astrologer, philosopher, and mathematician, who lived in Milan. His life has been vividly described by Oystein Ore in his book, "Cardano, the Gabling Scholar" (Princeton 1953, reprinted by Dover, Neyw York 1965)."
--செல்வா 17:34, 16 டிசம்பர் 2008 (UTC)

4)

## ஆய்வேடுகள்

16 ம் நூற்றாண்டில் அறிவியல் புரட்சி நடந்தது. பிரான்ஸ், ஜேர்மனி, இத்தாலி, இங்கிலாந்து என ஐரோப்பா முழுவதும் இந்த புரட்சியில் பங்கெடுத்தது. 17 ம் நூற்றாண்டிலேயே அறிவியல் சங்கம் இங்கிலாந்தில் நிறுவப்பட்டு ஆங்கிலத்தில் ஆய்வுகள் வெளிவரத் தொடங்யுள்ளது இங்கு குறிப்பிடத்தக்கது.

--Natkeeran 23:07, 17 டிசம்பர் 2008 (UTC)