பேச்சு:திராவிட மொழிக் குடும்பம்

மற்ற மொழிகளில் ஆதரிக்கப்படாத பக்க உள்ளடக்கம்.
கட்டற்ற கலைக்களஞ்சியமான விக்கிப்பீடியாவில் இருந்து.

திராவிடம் என்ற சொல் அர்த்தம் அற்றது. இம்மொழிகள் அனைத்தும் தமிழ்க் குடும்பமொழிகள். தமிழ் இலக்கியங்களில் திராவிடம் என்ற சொல்லோ கிடையது

பேச்சு:திராவிட மொழிக்குடும்பம்[தொகு]

This page has to be merged with and redirected to திராவிட மொழிக் குடும்பம் - ஸ்ரீநிவாசன் 08:32, 14 ஜூலை 2005 (UTC)

Yes, there are two articles on this topic. need to merge. Mayooranathan 18:20, 22 நவம்பர் 2005 (UTC)[பதிலளி]

திராவிட மொழிக்குடும்பம்

திராவிட மொழிக்குடும்பம் என்பது தென்னிந்தியா, இலங்கை, பாகிஸ்தான், நேபாளம், மத்திய மற்றும் கிழக்கு இந்தியாவின் குறிப்பிட்ட சில பகுதிகளில் பேசப்படும் 26 மொழிகளை உள்ளடக்கியது. இது மொத்தம் 200 மில்லியனுக்கும் மேற்பட்டவர்களால் பேசப்படுகின்றது. They appear to be unrelated to languages of other known families. A few scholars include the Dravidian languages in a larger Elamo-Dravidian language family, which includes the ancient Elamite language of what is now southwestern Iran; but this is not accepted by most of the Dravidianists.

௮தடித்த எழுத்துக்கள்

திராவிட மொழிகளின் பட்டியல்[தொகு]

இந்தியாவின் தேசிய மொழிகள் தடித்த எழுத்துக்களில் உள்ளன.

தென்னிந்தியா[தொகு]

தென்மத்திய இந்தியா[தொகு]

மத்திய இந்தியா[தொகு]

வட இந்தியா[தொகு]

  • Brahui (the only Dravidian langauge not spoken in India; it is spoken in Baluchistan in Pakistan)
  • Kurukh
  • Malto

Phonology[தொகு]

Dravidian languages are noted for the lack of distinction between voiced and unvoiced stops, like Finnish. While Dravidian languages (especially Kannada and Telugu) have large numbers of loan words from Sanskrit and other Indo-European languages which do make distinctions in voice and aspiration, the words are often mispronounced by monolingual Dravidian language speakers. In fact, the Tamil alphabet lacks symbols for voiced and aspirated stops. Dravidian languages are also characterized by a three-way distinction between dental, alveolar, and retroflex places of articulation as well as large numbers of liquids.

Reversal property[தொகு]

Words in Dravidian languages have the property where by reversing the consonants and applying a well defined set of transformations of the vowels, another word with a similar meaning is obtained. Over time, one form may represent the general case and the other end up representing a special case.

For example:

  • Erasu (gather) and sEru (join)
  • kaNu (look) and iNuku (peep)
  • atta (attic) reverses to itself.

Palindromes[தொகு]

A substantial number of the reversals result in the same word. In other words, the words are like consonant palindromes.

Eg. amma, appa, aNNa, akka, anna (rice), keNaku (tease, irritate)

Words starting with vowels[தொகு]

A substantial number of words also begin and end with vowels, which helps the languages' agglutinative property.

aLu (cry), elumbu (bone), adu (that), alli (there), idu (this), illai (no, absent)

adu-idil-illai (that-this-in-absent = that is absent in this)

Sanskrit Influence[தொகு]

Kannada, Malayalam and Telugu have been relatively more influenced by Sanskrit and have borrowed the aspirated consonants. Sanskrit words and derivatives are common in Kannada, Malayalam and Telugu. Tamil is the least influenced and retains the closest form of the Proto-Dravidian language.

Theories on the derivation of Dravidian languages[தொகு]

The vast majority of linguists believe that the Dravidian language family is completely unrelated to any other language families. However, there exist several fringe views on the origin of Dravidian languages.

Some people claim a relationship between Dravidian and the Indo-European language family: either that both descended from a common ancestor, or that Dravidian languages are the common ancestor of Indo-European languages. These views are largely politically motivated. Proponents of the latter theory often use wordlists showing superficial similarities between the modern representatives of these two families. For instance:

  • one'du = one
  • kare = vocare (cry out) [Latin]
  • ba're = scribere [Latin]
  • atta = attic
  • hala[di] = yellow

Linguists generally dismiss such analysis as flawed, in that comparisons should be made between the earliest known examples of languages in the groups being compared, and should exhibit regular sound change (see: Comparative method). Applying such reasoning to the above list, for example, shows:

  • Applying the principle of regular sound change, the reconstructed proto-Dravidian word for "one" is *oru. English "one" on the other hand can be traced back to Old Germanic *ainaz and Proto-Indo-European *oynos.
  • The final -are/-ere on vocare and scribere is the Latin infinitive ending , and not a part of the word root proper. "Kare" and "voc" bear significantly less mutual resemblance.
  • English "attic" comes from Greek Αττική (Attiki), the name of a region of Greece (see: Attica, Greece), which many scholars believe to have been taken into the Greek language from the non-Indo-European peoples (Pelasgians) who lived there before the Greeks arived. In addition, it has changed meaning over the years, and it is thus pure coincidence that its present meaning and pronunciation bears resemblances to the Tamil form.
  • Yellow is derived from Old English geolu, which bears little resemblance to Kannada haladi.

Based on a few typological similarities relationships between the Dravidian languages and the Finno-Ugric languages have also been proposed. But these have not been well received either.

References[தொகு]

  • The Dravidian Languages / by Bhadriraju Krishnamurti / Cambridge University Press, 2003. ISBN 0 521 77111 0
  • A comparative grammar of the Dravidian or South-Indian family of languages / by Robert Caldwell. 3rd ed. rev. and edited / by J.L. Wyatt, T. Ramakrishna Pillai. New Delhi : Asian Educational Services, 1998. ISBN 8120601173
  • A grammar of the Teloogoo language, commonly termed the Gentoo, peculiar to the Hindoos inhabiting the northeastern provinces of the Indian peninsula / by A.D. Campbell. 3d ed. Madras, Printed at the Hindu Press, 1849

External links[தொகு]

"https://ta.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=பேச்சு:திராவிட_மொழிக்_குடும்பம்&oldid=2922426" இலிருந்து மீள்விக்கப்பட்டது